Perbedaan interpretasi mengenai aspek perpajakan Bentuk Usaha Tetap (BUT) perusahaan pelayaran, yang diatur dalam Keputusan Menteri Keuangan (KMK) nomor 417/KMK.04/1996 dan Perjanjian Penghindaran Pajak Berganda (P3B) Indonesia dengan negara mitra, sering terjadi bahkan terdapat sengketa yang telah memiliki putusan pengadilan pajak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interpretasi Branch Profit Tax (BPT) dan penurunan tarif Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) berdasarkan P3B Indonesia dan Singapura menurut Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) dan BUT perusahaan pelayaran, serta memberikan masukan untuk menyelesaikan perbedaan interpretasi tersebut dengan membuat surat penegasan atau mengubah aturan (rule determination). Penelitian ini menggunakan The Theory of Legal Interpretation dan konsep penafsiran hukum. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis menggunakan teknik descriptive, content, dan thematic analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BUT perusahaan pelayaran menggunakan interpretasi sistematis atau logis dan menginterpretasikan tarif PPh sebesar 2,64% dalam KMK nomor 417/KMK.04/1996 sudah termasuk BPT, sedangkan DJP menggunakan interpretasi gramatikal dan menginterpretasikan tarif PPh sebesar 2,64% dalam KMK tersebut tidak termasuk BPT. Sedangkan terkait penurunan tarif PPh, baik BUT maupun DJP menggunakan interpretasi gramatikal. DJP menginterpretasikan bahwa BUT tidak mendapat penurunan tarif, sedangkan BUT menginterpretasikan sebaliknya. Masukan yang diberikan adalah mengubah KMK nomor 417/KMK.04/1996 dan membuat surat penegasan agar tidak terjadi perbedaan interpretasi pada masa yang akan datang dan KMK tersebut dapat dipergunakan untuk BUT perusahaan pelayaran asal seluruh negara mitra.

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Differences in interpretation regarding the taxation aspects of permanent establishment (PE) of shipping company, which are regulated in Minister of Finance Degree (KMK) number 417.KMK.04/1996 and Agreement for The Avoidance of Double Taxation (P3B) between Indonesia and partner countries, often occur. There were even disputes that already have a tax court ruling. This study aims to analyze the interpretation of Branch Profit Tax (BPT) and the reduction in the rate of income tax (PPh) based on P3B Indonesia and Singapore according to Directorate General of Taxes (DJP) and PE of shipping company, as well as to provide input to settle this differences in interpretation by making confirmation letter or changing the regulation (rule determination). This study uses The Theory of Legal Interpretation and the concept of legal interpretation. The research approach used is qualitative with case study. Data collection techniques used are interviews and documentation. The analysis technique uses descriptive techniques, content, and thematic analysis. The results show that the PE of shipping company used a systematic or logical interpretation and interpreted the income tax rate of 2.64% in KMK number 417/KMK.04/1996 includes BPT, while DGP used grammatical interpretation and interpreted the income tax rate of 2.64 percent in the KMK does not include BPT. Meanwhile, regarding the reduction of income tax rates, both PE and DGT used grammatical interpretation. DGT interpreted that the PE does not get a tax reduction, while the BUT interpreted the opposite. The input given is to change the KMK number 417/KMK.04/1996 and make confirmation letter so that there are no differences in interpretation in the future and the KMK can be used for the PE of shipping companies from all partner countries.