Indonesia mengatur hukum paten dalam UU No. 13 Tahun 2016 yang mengacupada Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property dan Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property. Salah satu invensi yang dapat diberi paten berdasarkan undang-undang tersebut adalah obat-obatan. Perlindungan paten terhadap obat-obatan menimbulkan permasalahan terkait akses masyarakat terhadap obat-obatan yang murah dan mudah didapatkan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, terdapat fleksibilitas dalam pelaksanaan paten yang diatur dalam kedua konvensi internasional tersebut, yakni compulsory licensing.Keberlakuan compulsory licensing untuk membuka akses terhadap obat-obatandipertegas dengan dideklarasikannya Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreementand Public Health yang pada pokoknya memperbolehkan pemerintah suatu negarapeserta untuk melaksanakan sendiri paten terhadap obat-obatan demi kepentinganmasyarakat umum, atau dikenal dengan istilah government use. Skripsi inimengambil 3 (tiga) pokok permasalahan, yaitu bagaimana pengaturan terkait paten dan compulsory licensing di dunia dan di Indonesia, bagaimana pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah terhadap obat-obatan esensial di dunia dan di Indonesia, dan bagaimana dampak pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah terhadap obat-obatan esensial di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-normatif, yang menekankan pada penggunaan norma hukum secara tertulis dan didukung dengan hasil penelitian berdasarkan topik terkait. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah terhadap obat-obatan di Indonesia telah berhasil mencapai tujuannya yakni guna kepentingan kesehatan masyarakat umum meskipun terdapat kekurangan yang perlu diperbaiki, serta pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah di Indonesia yang berpotensi merugikan pemegang paten yang patennya dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah sehingga dapat menghambat pengembangan dan penelitian obat-obatan baru.

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Indonesia regulates patent law in Law no. 13 of 2016 which refers to the Paris

Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property and the Agreement on Trade-

Related Aspects of Intellectual Property. One of the inventions that can be granted

a patent based on the law is pharmaceutical products. Patent protection for

pharmaceutical products raises problems related to public access to affordable and

easy to obtain drugs. To solve this problem, there is flexibility in the

implementation of patents regulated in the two international conventions, namely

compulsory licensing. The application of compulsory licensing to open access to

medicines was confirmed by the declaration of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS

Agreement and Public Health which basically allows the government of a

participating country to apply its own patents on drugs for the benefit of the general

public, known as government use. This thesis takes 3 (three) main problems,

namely how the regulations related to patents and compulsory licensing in the world

and in Indonesia, how is the implementation of government use patents on essential

medicines in the world and in Indonesia and how is the impact of the

implementation of government use patents on essential medicines in Indonesia. The

research method used is juridical-normative, which emphasizes the use of legal

norms in writing and is supported by research results based on related topics. The

conclusion is that the implementation of government use patents on essential

medicines in Indonesia has succeeded in addressing the interests of the public's

health interests, although there are some deficiencies that need to be corrected, as

well as the implementation of government use patents on essential medicines in

Indonesia which can potentially inflict a financial loss to the patent holders whose

patents are executed by government use so that it can hold up the development and

research of new medicines.