Beberapa buku terbitan Balai Pustaka merupakan karya intelektual anak bangsa sejak pendudukan Belanda (1917), Jepang (1942) hingga pasca kemerdekaan Indonesia. Koleksi tersebut masih dapat ditemui di Perpustakaan Heritage Balai Pustaka. Mengingat kondisi fisik yang menua, perlu penanganan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh Perpustakaan Heritage Balai Pustaka dalam merawat dan memelihara koleksi buku langka, baik fisik maupun isinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, observasi dan analisis dokumen. Pemilihan informan penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan teori Piramida Preservasi, Perpustakaan Heritage Balai Pustaka belum melakukan kegiatan pelestarian fisik koleksi buku langka melalui kegiatan konservasi aktif dan restorasi. Akan tetapi, perpustakaan melakukan upaya penting untuk melestarikan nilai yang terkandung dalam koleksi buku langka dengan digitalisasi. Kebijakan preservasi, anggaran, dan sumber daya manusia menjadi kendala dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pelestarian.

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Books published by Balai Pustaka are intellectual works of the nation's children since the Dutch occupation (1917), Japan (1942) until post-independent era. It can still be found in the Balai Pustaka Heritage Library. Considering the physical condition that are aging, special treatment is needed. This study aims to determine the activities carried out by the Balai Pustaka Heritage Library in caring and maintaining a collection of rare books, both physically and the contents. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation and document analysis. Research informants were selected by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that based on the Preservation Pyramid theory, Balai Pustaka Heritage Library has not carried out physical preservation activities for rare book collection through active conservation and restoration activities. However, the library has made an effort to preserve the values contained in the collection of rare books by digitizing them. Preservation policies, budgets, and human resources are obstacles to the implementation of preservation activities.