Obesitas sentral merupakan kondisi dimana terjadi penumpukkan lemak di bagian perut. Obesitas sentral berhubungan dengan risiko penyakit tidak menular seperti diabetes melitus tipe II, hipertensi, dislipidemia, sindrom metabolik, dan kanker. Prevalensi obesitas sentral diketahui meningkat baik di negara maju dan negara berkembang. Sebanyak 40,2% individu di dunia diperkirakan mengalami obesitas sentral. Indonesia termasuk negara berkembang dengan peningkatan prevalensi obesitas sentral dengan peningkatan dari tahun 2007, 2013, dan 2018 menurut data Riskesdas berturut- turut sebesar 18%, 26% , dan 31%. Peningkatan obesitas sentral dikaitkan dengan perkembangan ekonomi dan urbanisasi yang menyebabkan perubahan tidak menguntungkan dalam kebiasaan konsumsi makanan berkalori tinggi dan minuman manis, aktivitas fisik, perilaku sedentari, dan stres. Data Riskesdas 2018 menunjukkan prevalensi obesitas sentral di daerah perkotaan lebih tinggi dari prevalensi nasional, yaitu sebesar 35%. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis lebih lanjut mengenai faktor dominan kejadian obesitas sentral pada penduduk usia 25-64 tahun di wilayah perkotaan Indonesia. Terdapat sebanyak 194.049 responden Riskesdas 2018 yang dilibatkan dalam chi-square dan uji multivariat regresi logistik ganda pada perangkat pengolah data. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa terdapat 15 variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian obesitas sentral, diantaranya: usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, status pernikahan, gangguan mental emosional, konsumsi makanna manis, konsumsi minuman manis, konsumsi makanan berlemak/gorengan, konsumsi softdrink, konsumsi alkohol, aktivitas fisik, dan kebiasaan merokok (p-value <0,05). Jenis kelamin perempuan diketahui sebagai faktor dominan kejadian obesitas sentral pada penduduk usia 25-64 tahun di wilayah perkotaa Indonesia (p-value 0,0005). OR dari kejadian obesitas sentral lebih tinggi 4,060 (95%CI: 3,947-4,175) kali pada kelompok responden berjenis kelamin perempuan, setelah dikontrol oleh variabel lainnya. Dengan demikian, masyarakat di wilayah perkotan, khususnya perempuan, dihimbau untuk lebih meningkatkan kesadaran terkait obesitas sentral . Masyarakat dihimbau untuk dapat mengurangi konsumsi makanan berisiko, melakukan olahraga secara teratur, menghindari stres, dan menghindari perilaku merokok dan konsumsi alkohol. Instansi kesehatan diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat dengan memberikan edukasi gizi dan promosi keseatan terkait obesitas sentral.

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Central obesity is a condition where there is an accumulation of fat in the abdomen. Central obesity is associated with the risk of non-communicable diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. The prevalence of central obesity is known to increase in both developed and developing countries. As many as 40.2% of individuals in the world are estimated to have central obesity. Indonesia is a developing country with an increasing prevalence of central obesity with an increase from 2007, 2013, and 2018 according to riskesdas data, respectively, by 18%, 26%, and 31%. The increase in central obesity is associated with economic development and urbanization leading to unfavorable changes in consumption habits of high-calorie foods and sugary drinks, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and stress. Riskesdas 2018 data states that the prevalence of central obesity in urban areas is higher than the national prevalence, which is 35%.

This study aims to further analyze the dominant factors in the incidence of central obesity in the population aged 25-64 years in urban areas of Indonesia. There were 194,049 riskesdas 2018 respondents who were involved in this study. Data analysis used chi-square bivariate test and multiple logistic regression multivariate test on the application.

The results showed that there were 15 variables that were significantly associated with the incidence of central obesity, including: age, gender, education level, employment status, emotional mental health, consumption of sweet foods, sugary drinks, fatty foods, soft drinks, fruit and vegetable consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and smoking habits (p-value <0,05). Female gender is known as the dominant factor in the incidence of central obesity in the population aged 25-64 years in urban areas of Indonesia (p-value 0,0005).

The OR of the incidence of central obesity was 4.06 (95%CI: 3,947-4,175) higher in the female respondent group, after being controlled by other variables. Thus, people in urban areas, especially women, are urged to increase awareness regarding central obesity. The public is encouraged to reduce the consumption of risky foods, do exercise regularly, avoid stress, and avoid smoking and alcohol consumption. Health agencies are expected to help the community by providing nutrition education and promotion of health related to central obesity.