Penelitian ini mengkaji fenomena kejahatan dalam perdagangan Indonesia – Tiongkok dari perspektif Indonesia sebagai korban penipuan. Diawali dengan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kriminogenik asimetris yang menciptakan celah terjadinya viktimisasi, dilanjutkan analisis integratif teori transnational organized crime (Massari, 2001), organized fraud (Levi dan Lord, 2011), fraud victimization (Levi, 2009) dan criminogenic asymmetries (Passas, 1999). Melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode triangulasi, studi pustaka, focus group discussion, dan concept development merujuk Marek (2015), peneliti menemukan bahwa fraud victimization terhadap eksportir Indonesia dilakukan oleh kelompok kriminal yang menggunakan kedok perusahaan. Mereka memanfaatkan empat faktor kriminogenik asimetris dan didorong adanya tiga jalur ekspor dari Indonesia ke Tiongkok. Kemudian peneliti melakukan kontekstualisasi konsep fraud victimization ke dalam criminogenic asymmetries dan konseptualisasi fraud victimization menjadi international fraud victimization.

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This study examines the phenomenon of crime in Indonesia-China trade from the perspective of Indonesia as a victim of fraud. They begin with identifying asymmetric criminogenic factors that create gaps for victimization, followed by an integrative analysis of the theory of transnational organized crime (Massari, 2001), organized fraud (Levi and Lord, 2011), fraud victimization (Levi, 2009), and criminogenic asymmetries (Passas, 2009). 1999). Through a descriptive qualitative approach using the triangulation method, literature study, focus group discussion, and concept development, referring to Marek (2015), the researcher found that fraud victimization against Indonesian exporters by criminal groups using the guise of companies. They take advantage of four asymmetric criminogenic factors and are encouraged by the existence of three export routes from Indonesia to China. Then the researchers contextualized the concept of fraud victimization into criminogenic asymmetries and conceptualized fraud victimization into international fraud victimization.