Menurut WHO dalam laporan Kesehatan Dunia 1997, ISPA merupakan masalah kesehatan yang besar terutama di negara berkembang. Kematian akibat ISPA, terutama Pneumonia sebesar 13,5% (1,5 juta) dari angka kematian total (11,1 Juta). Di Indonesia Angka kematian Pneumonia balita tersebut pada akhir Pelita V diperkirakan 6 per 1000 balita. Angka kematian Bayi di Kabupaten Bandung berdasarkan estimasi pada tahun 1998 adalah 46,11 per 1000 Kelahiran hidup.Berkembangnya tingkat kesakitan dan kematian karena Pneumonia bisa dilihat dari kemampuan ibu memberi pertolongan dan perawatan penunjang baku, kemampuan keluarga membedakan derajat ISPA Bukan Pneumonia dan Pneumonia, membawa anak mereka lebih awal bagi pengobatan khusus ke tempat pelayanan kesehatan.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan praktek penanganan ISPA oleh ibu di tingkat keluarga dengan kejadian Pneumonia balita di wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Bandung tahun 2000.Jenis penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel 150 penderita Pneumonia pada balita yang datang ke Puskesmas dan berdomisili di wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Bandung sedangkan 150 kontrol adalah tetangga kasus yang sudah sembuh dari pneumonia dan Bukan Pneumonia. Alpha 0,05; Power of the test 80%. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner pada ibu balita dan dilakukan observasi dengan cara pengukuran dan pengamatan untuk mendapatkan data ventilasi, kepadatan rumah. Entri data menggunakan Epi Info Versi 6.0, analisis data menggunakan Stata versi 6 dan Stata Trasfers. Analisis meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat.Hasil akhir analisis multivariat adalah bermaknanya hubungan praktek penanganan ISPA oleh ibu di tingkat keluarga dengan kejadian Pneumonia (cOR 2,87 ; 95% CI 1,42 - 5,79; p = 0,0027), setelah dikontrol dengan gizi balita, ekonomi keluarga hubungan tersebut tetap bermakia (aOR 2,32; 95% CI 1,09 - 4,94; p = 0,028) ), dan Population Attributable Risk(PAR) =99%. Variabel yang dimasukan dalam model akhir adalah, ekonomi keluarga dengan pertimbangan substantif diyakini dapat mengganggu hubungan praktek penanganan ISPA oleh ibu di tingkat keluarga terhadap kejadian Pneumonia. Pengaruh variabel utama dan kovariat secara bersama-sama adalah dengan persamaan Logit P(kejadian Pneumonia) = - 1,3658 + (0,7821)praktek penanganan ISPA oleh ibu di tingkat keluarga + (1,1005) ekonomi keluarga.Saran operasional antara lain peningkatan pengetahuan melalui penyuluhan dan pendidikan kesehatan bagi petugas, ibu balita dalam deteksi dini mengenai hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan ISPA atau Pneumonia.Saran penelitian antara lain perlu dilakukan Riset Operational mengenai Pengembangan Kemitraan dengan LSM, Tokoh Agama. Perlu dilakukan Riset Operasional mengenai pengembangan media dan pesan untuk kegiatan komunikasi yang mudah dipahami, disukai oleh masyarakat.

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The Relationship between Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) Handle Practice by Mother in the Family Level with Incidence of Under-five Children Pneumonia in Public Health Services Bandung District in Year 2000According to WHO (World Health Organization) in the world healthy report in 1997, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) was the biggest health problem especially in developing countries. The death from ARI, especially Pneumonia was 13,5% (1,5 million) from the total death rate (11,1 million). In Indonesia, under five children mortality rate from Pneumonia by the end of Five Year Development Plan was about 6 /1000 under five children. The infant mortality rate in Bandung District based on estimation in1998 was 46,11/1000 living birth.

The development of Pneumonia morbidity and mortality can be seen from the ability of mother to give a help and to take care of their to provide a standardized supporting maintenance, the family ability to distinguish ARI degree is Un Pneumonia and the Pneumonia, taking their children early to the special treatment in a health care centre. This research is done to discover the relationship between ARI handle practice in the family level with incidence of under five children Pneumonia Bandung District Public health service 2000. The type of this research is case control. The research took 150 sample under five children with Pneumonia coming to Public health service whose domiciles were in jurisdiction of Bandung District Public health service, while 150 control was the neighborhood cases whose recovery from Pneumonia and Un Pneumonia. Alfa 0,05, power of the test 80%. Data were taken from interview that we've don using questionnaires to under five mother and we've don also an observation by measurement and observation in order to obtain data on both ventilation and houses entity. Entry data used Epi Info version 6.0, while data analysis used Stata version 6, and Stata transfers. The analysis involved univariate, bivariate, multivariate analysis.

The final result of multivariate analysis is how significance the relationship between ARI handle practice by mother in the family level with the under five children Pneumonia incidence (cOR 2,87; 95% CI 1,42-5,79; p = 0,0027), after being controlled by under five children nutrien, the family financial, the relation is still significance (aOR 2,32; 955 CI 1,09-4,94; p = 0,028) and Population Attributable Risk (PAR) = 99%. The variable included in the final model is family financial with a substantive consideration, is able to confound he relationship between ARI handle practice by mother in family level to Pneumonia incidence. The main variable influence and the covariate collectively is Logit P (Pneumonia incidence) = -(-1,3558 + 0,7821( ARI handle practice by mother in family level) + 1,1005 (family financial).

The operational suggest that is the knowledge increase through the espionage and health education for the officer, under five children mother in detecting early anything related to ARI or Pneumonia.

The research suggest that is it's necessary to do the operational riset about partner development with Non Government Organization (NGO) and a religious Leader, media and massage development for the communication which is easy to understand and likeable for the community.