Adaptation of Traditional Community to Their Environment (Study on Economic Activities of Talang Mamak Ethnic Group Community at Indragiri Hulu Regency)Talang Mamak Ethnic Group as one of remote traditional community groups inhabiting the Taman Nasional Bukit Tiga Puluh (TNBT) or Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park at the territory of Indragiri Hulu Regency of Riau Province. They inhabit the area prepared by the local government within the framework of re-inhabitation program. Because of its location, they experience contacts with outside world; even they are involved in market economic activities to fulfill their needs. Their ability to obtain money, as a means of payment for their daily needs, however, is still limited.This study is emphasized at the effort of Talang Mamak ethnic group communities in adapting themselves actively with market economic activities the influence of which is more and more increasing by taking into account the way they manage resources, the take-over of cultural value and social institution supporting application of developed technology. Then this study uses qualitative approach with involvement observation amidst the community. Whereas its information and data collecting technique is through field observation and in depth interview, supported by secondary data obtained from books, papers on the relevant community.Conclusion obtained from this study, is the re-inhabitation of the Talang Mamak ethnic group community bringing such a move in their life i.e. from traditional economic life pattern to become money economic life pattern, as a result of interaction with outside world for example, they used to hunt to be directly consumed but now they hunt to obtain money in order to buy some "modern" needs. To survive their life, it seems that there is no other choice except to increase intensity or resource management, because indeed they do not have many choices of strategy. Even, they often neglect Ecological Wisdom currently becomes such guidance in managing resources and environment Meanwhile the take-over of cultural values and social institution supporting continuously developed technology has not run adequately well. As a result, they face such challenges not easily overcome, except by enhancing education especially for their young generation in order that they be capable of taking part in national development profitably.