Hasil penelitian beberapa peneliti terdahulu menyatakan bahwa, dermatoglifi tipe pola dan jumlah sulur ujung jari tangan dapat digunakan untuk membedakan ras, populasi, dan kasta. Penurunan (heritabilitas) intensitas dari tipe pola, dan jumlah semua sulur ujung jari tangan sangat tinggi. Variasi dermatoglifi pada populasi dapat terjadi karena adanya beberapa faktor seperti, seleksi, isolasi, dan genetic drift. Populasi dalam strata pendidikan dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan lapisan masyarakat berdasarkan dermatoglifi, karena pada setiap kenaikan tingkat pendidikan seseorang berlaku seleksi. Sampel populasi dalam penelitian ini diambil dari beberapa lapisan masyarakat berbagai suku dengan strata pendidikan berbeda yang terdiri atas non sarjana, sarjana dan doktor. Sampel populasi non sarjana ialah mereka yang berpendidikan SD, SLTP, dan SLTA, sedangkan sampel populasi sarjana dan doktor, ialah mereka yang tamat dari pendidikan perguruan tinggi. Tujuan penelitian dermatoglifi ialah untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan tipe pola dan jumlah sulur ujung jari tangan antara populasi non sarjana, sarjana, dan doktor. Dari tipe pola yang dibedakan meliputi 3 tipe pola dasar, yaitu tipe pola arch, loop dan whorl. Kemudian dilakukan perhitungan indeks Dankmeijer, indeks Furuhata dan indeks intensitas pola. Dari jumlah sulur yang dihitung ialah rata-rata jumlah semua sulur (JSS), rata-rata jumlah sulur (tipe pola loop, tipe pola whorl), dan rentang rata-rata jumlah semua sulur. Data-data tersebut dianalisis menurut cara yang dilakukan oleh Holt (1968). Hasil penelitian analisis tipe pola dan jumlah sulur ujung jari tangan dari sampel populasi non sarjana, sarjana, dan doktor menunjukkan bahwa: I. Tipe pola ujung jari tangan 1. Ada perbedaan frekuensi tipe pola arch, tipe pola loop dan tipe pola whorl antara sampel populasi, kecuali antara populasi sarjana dan doktor. 2. Indeks Dankmeijer yaitu indeks arch/whorl pada sampel populasi non sarjana lebih tinggi dari pada sarjana dan doktor. 3. Indeks Furuhata yaitu indeks whorl/loop pada sampel populasi non sarjana lebih rendah dari pada sarjana, dan doktor. 4. Indeks intensitas pola yaitu rata-rata jumlah triradii ujung jari tangan pada sampel populasi non sarjana lebih rendah dari pada sarjana, dan doktor. II. Jumlah sulur ujung jari tangan 1. Ada perbedaan frekuensi rata-rata jumlah semua sulur (JSS) ujung jari tangan antara sampel populasi, kecuali antara populasi sarjana dan doktor. 2. Ada perbedaan rata-rata jumlah sulur tipe pola loop dan tipe pola whorl antara populasi, kecuali antara populasi sarjana dan doktor. 3. Ada perbedaan rentang rata-rata jumlah semua sulur antara non sarjana di satu pihak dengan populasi sarjana dan doktor di pihak lain. Dari keterangan I dan II terlihat ada perbedaan antara populasi non sarjana di satu pihak, dengan populasi sarjana dan doktor di pihak lain. Menurut Holt (1968) untuk membedakan antar populasi, umumnya dipakai indeks Dankmeijer. Pada populasi non sarjana, populasi suku Jawa (Satmoko, 1981), dan populasi umum (Rafiah dkk, 1979; Sutanto, 1989) ditemukan adanya persamaan indeks Dankmeijer, yaitu di atas 6. Sebaliknya populasi sarjana dan doktor, serta pada populasi mahasiswa (Tadjudin dkk, 1970; Suhadi, 1974) mempunyai persamaan indeks Dankmeijer, yaitu di bawah 6. Selain itu untuk membedakan antar populasi menurut Pollitzer & Plato (1979), digunakan rata-rata jumlah semua sulur ujung jari tangan. Pada populasi non sarjana, dan populasi umum (Rafiah dkk, 1979; Sutanto, 1989), mempunyai persamaan rentang rata-rata jumlah semua sulur ujung jari tangan, yaitu 124-135. Sedangkan pada populasi sarjana dan doktor dengan populasi mahasiswa (Suhadi, 1974), ada persamaan rentang rata-rata jumlah semua sulur ujung jari tangan, yaitu 143-151. Kesimpulannya, ada 2 lapisan masyarakat Indonesia berdasarkan dermatoglifi ujung jari tangan. Pertama, lapisan masyarakat dengan indeks Dankmeijer di atas 6, dengan rentang rata-rata jumlah semua sulur 124-135. Kedua, lapisan masyarakat dengan indeks Dankmeijer di bawah 6, dengan rentang rata-rata jumlah semua sulur 143-151. Terjadinya variasi dermatoglifi ujung jari tangan antara kedua lapisan masyarakat tersebut di atas, disebabkan karena adanya seleksi, dan faktor lain yang menyebabkan terjadinya variasi dermatoglifi di antara dua lapisan masyarakat, yaitu kemungkinan karena adanya isolasi reproduksi.

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The Dermatoglyphics of Finger Pattern Types and Finger Ridge Counts In Several Educational Levels In The Indonesian SocietyThe dermatoglyphics of finger pattern types and finger ridge counts can be applied to classify race, population and caste. The heritability of total finger pattern intensity and total finger ridge counts is very high.

Variation in biological characters such as dermatoglyphic variation can exist due to various factors, like selection, isolation, and genetic drift. The population at different education levels can be used to detect differences between society levels based on dermatoglyphics, because at each higher level of educational selective processes are active.

The population sample of this research is derived from several levels of Indonesian society and educational strata consisting of no graduate, graduate, and PhD populations. The non-graduate population consists of people who have never had tertiary education, while the graduate and the PhD population consist of people who are graduates from a university.

The purpose of the present study is to know whether there are differences in finger pattern., types and finger ridge counts between the non graduate, graduate, and Ph.D populations. Pattern types are classified into three basic pattern, i.e. the arch, loop, whorl. Furthermore the Dankmeijer index, the Furuhata index, and the pattern intensity index are also calculated. Finger ridge counts performed are the mean total finger ridge counts, the mean ridge count of loops and whorls, and the range of the mean total finger ridge counts. These data are analyzed according to the method used by Halt (1968).

The results of analysis of the finger pattern type and finger ridge counts of the non-graduate, graduate and PhD population samples show that:

I. The finger pattern type:

1. There are significant differences in arch, loop, and whorl between population samples, except between the graduate and the PhD populations.

2. The Dankmeijer's index, or the arch/whorl index of the non-graduate is higher than the graduate and the PhD populations.

3. The Furuhata's index, or the whorl/loop index of the non-graduate is lower than the graduate and the PhD populations.

II. The finger ridge counts:

1. There are significant differences in the mean total finger ridge counts between the populations, except between the graduate and the Ph.D. populations.

2. There are significant differences in the mean ridge count of loops and whorls between the populations, except between the graduate and the PhD populations.

3. There are significant differences in the range of mean total finger ridge count between the non-graduate on one side and the graduate + Ph. D populations on the other side.

From the results described in I and II, it can be concluded that there are differences between the non graduate population on one side, and the graduate, PhD population on the other side.

In general, according to Holt (1968), the Dankmeijer index has been widely used to distinguish populations. In the non-graduate population, the Javanese population (Satmoko, 1971), and the general population (Rafiah et al., 1979; Sutanto, 1989), it has been found that the Dankmeijer index is above 6. On the other hand in the graduate and the Ph.D. populations also in student populations (Tadjudin et al., 1970; Suhadi, 1974) the Dankmeijer index is below 6.

To make a more detailed classification among populations, according to Pollitzer & Plato (1979), the total finger ridge counts can be used. In the non-graduate population and the general population (Rafiah et el., 1979; Sutanto, 1989) the range of the mean total finger ridge counts is between 124-135. While in the graduate + PhD populations and also in a student population (Suhadi, 1974), the range of the mean total finger ridge counts is between 143-151.

The conclusion of this study is that according to the pattern type and ridge counts, the three populations can be divided into two levels. The first is the level with Dankmeijer index above 6 and the range of the total finger ridge counts between 124-135, the second is the level with Dankmeijer index below 6 and the range of the total finger ridge counts between 143-151. The existence of dermatoglyphic variation between the two levels may be due to selection, and the possibility of reproductive isolation.