ABSTRAKPenelitian linguistik historis komparatif ini mencakupi tiga bahasa di Nusa Tenggara, yaitu bahasa Bali, bahasa Sasak, dan bahasa Sumbawa. Ketiga bahasa itu dihipotesiskan memiliki keeratan hubungan kekerabatan.Melalui penelitian ini diperoleh bukti-bukti keeratan hubungan ketiga bahasa itu. Bukti kuantitatif yang ditemukan adalah kesamaan persentase rata-rata ketiga bahasa, berdasarkan 200 kata kosa kata dasar Daftar Swadesh, mencapai 50%. Persentase ini lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Madura yaitu 41%, juga dengan bahasa Bima dan bahasa Manggarai yaitu 31%. Pada jenjang bawah, persentase kesamaan antara bahasa Sasak dan bahasa Sumabwa mencapai 64%.Selanjutnya, bukti-bukti kualitatif ditemukan pula yaitu inovasi fonologis dan leksikal. Inovasi fonologis penguat kelompok berupa metatesis bersama, sedangkan inovasi leksikal mencakup 41 kata. Inovasi fonologis pemisah kelompok berupa hilangnya konsonan pertama (K1) pada deret konsonan di tengah kata; asimilasi nasal; dan perubahan =R > r dalam Bahasa Sasak dan bahasa Sumbawa. Dalam bahasa Bali *R > 0/4-, =R > O/V-V, dan =R > hi- #. Selain itu ditemukan pula 31 kata yang inovatif dalam bahasa Sasak dan bahasa Sumbawa.Berdasarkan bukti-bukti kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang saling menunjang itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahasa Bali, Sasak, dan Sumbawa merupakan satu kelompok tersendiri yang erat. Kelompok bahasa Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa beranggotakan bahasa Bali dan subkelompok Sasak-Sumbawa. Subkelompok Sasak-Sumbawa terdiri atas bahasa Sasak dan bahasa Sumbawa sebagai anggotaanggotanya.Setelah direkonstruksi, ditemukan sistem fonem Protobahasa Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa (PBSS.). Fonem segemental PBSS terdiri atas enam vokal yaitu: *i 'u 'e *@ *o `a dan sembilan belas konsonan yaitu : *p *b in *t =d *n =r *R =s =1 *c "j `n `k g q n w y, konsonan-konsonan palatal hanya berdistribusi awal dan tengah; semi vokal' =w dan =y hanya berdistribusi tengah; glotalstop hanya berdistribusi akhir. Konsonan-konsonan lainnya berdistribusi lengkap. Selain itu ditemukan pula deret-deret vokal dan deret-deret konsonan. Kemudian, rekonstruksi leksikal menghasilkan 706 etimon. Selain itu, diperikan pula pantulan fonem Proto-Austronesia (PAN) dalam PBSS.

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ABSTRACT

This historical comparative study is concerned with a group of three languages in Nusa Tenggara (Southeast Lesser Sunda islands), Indonesia, namely Balinese, Sasak, and Sumbawa. These three languages are-hypothesized to have a close genetic relationship.

The result of the present study shows that the precentage of,similarity among the three languages, based on Swadesh 200-Wordlist is qualitatively 50%. This level of similarity is higher than the similarity to Javanese and Madurese, that is 36%, or to Bima and Manggarai which 31%. On the lower level, the similarity between Sasak and Sumbawa is 64%.

By the qualitative approach it was also found the lexical and phonological innovation were found. The phonological innovation that supports the grouping is the presence of mutual metathesis, while lexical innovation comprises 41 words. Phonological innovations that separate the group are the loss of the first consonant (C1) in consonant clusters in word medial position; nasal assimilation and the change of =R r are found in Sasak and Sumbawa. In Balinese 'R > 0/*-, *R > p (V-V), and *R > h/-#. 31 lexical innovation were found in Sasak and Sumbawa.

Based on the quantitative and qualitative approaches that are supporting each other, it is concluded that the three languages namely Balinese, Sasak, and Sumbawa belong to one exclusive group, that they are closely genetically related. Balinese-Sasak-Sumbawa is a group with Balinese and Sasak-Sumbawa subgroup as its members. The Sasak-Sumbawa subgroup consists of Sasak and Sumbawa.

As the recontruction of the family tree of the three languages is made, the phonemic. system of Proto Balinese-Sasak-Sumbawa (PBSS) can be found. The segmental phonemes of PBSS consist of six vowels, namely: *i 'u *e '@ *o *a and eighteen consonants namely: *p *b in *t d "n r R "s J. c *j n *k #g `q `n `w *y. Palatal consonants only occured initially and medially; the two semivowels =w *y only occured medially; and glotalstop 'q, only occured finally. Other consonants could occur elsewhere. Besides those consonants and vowel, there were vowel clusters and consonants clusters. Lexical recontruction produced 706 etyma which are listed, and finally the reflection of PAN phonemis in PBSS is also described.