ABSTRAKJemaah haji asal Jawa Barat yang meninggal selama menunaikan ibadah haji setiap tahun cenderung meningkat, meskipun pemerintah telah berupaya maksimal memberikan kemudahan mulai dari bimbingan peribadahan sampai pelayanan kesehatan. Bahkan pelayanan kesehatan ini diberikan sejak di tanah air, berupa pemeriksaan kesehatan, yang dimulai dari tingkat Puskesmas, di Daerah Tingkat II dan di Pelabuhan Embarkasi/Asrama haji sebelum jemaah yang bersangkutan diberangkatkan ke Tanah suci. Yang menarik adalah penyebab kematian jemaah yang didominasi oleh penyakit yang sebetulnya dibawa oleh jemaah dari Tanah air. Penyakit yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian jemaah haji adalah penyakit kardiovaskuler. Ternyata penyakit ini pula yang paling banyak diderita oleh calon jemaah haji.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sampai sejauh mana pengaruh penyakit kardiovaskuler terhadap kematian jemaah haji asal Jawa Barat dan faktor-faktor lain yang turut mempengaruhinya.Rancangan penelitian menggunakan kasus kontrol tanpa matching dengan jumlah sampel kasus sebanyak 191 orang (sesuai jumlah jemaah yang meninggal) dan kontrol yang diambil secara acak sederhana dari jemaah yang tidak meninggal juga sebanyak 191 orang, sehingga total sampel 382 orang. Tidak termasuk ke dalam sampel adalah Petugas dan jemaah haji ONH Plus.Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat yang terdiri atas analisis stratifikasi dan regresi logistic unconditional. Perangkat lunak yang dipergunakan adalah Stata versi 4.0.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risiko kematian jemaah haji yang menderita penyakit kardiovaskuler 2,2 kali dibanding jemaah haji yang tidak menderita penyakit kardiovaskuler, setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur dan pendidikan. Makin tua umur jemaah haji, risiko kematiannya lebih tinggi, sedangkan pendidikan bersifat protektif, artinya makin tinggi tingkat pendidikan, risiko kematiannya makin rendah. Sedangkan jenis kelamin dan waktu pemberangkatan, pengaruhnya tidak bermakna.71,73 % jemaah haji meninggal di luar waktu pelaksanaan ibadah haji yang sesungguhnya dan 31,41 % jemaah haji meninggal sebelum sempat melaksanakan ibadah haji.Untuk menyelamatkan jemaah haji dengan risiko tinggi, perlu dijajagi kemungkinan membentuk dokter khusus bagi jemaah haji risiko tinggi, yang diberangkatkan pada akhir musim pemberangkatan dan pulangnya pada awal musim pemulangan.

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ABSTRACT

The Collective Pilgrimage to Mecca (jemaah haji) from West Java who died during carrying `ibadah haji = act of pilgrimage devotion' out were tended increase every year, although the government has made maximally effort to provide the facilities from the guidance of observance of religious duties up to the health service. In fact, this health service is served since in father land, such as health examination, it is started from the level of Public Health Center, in the Second Level Region and in the Airport's Embarkation/Pilgrimage Dormitory before the concerned congregations will be embarked to the Holly Land (Mecca). The interesting is the cause of `jemaah's death which is dominated by a disease which is really had by `jemaah' from the Father Land. Disease is a main cause of death of `jemaah haji' is that cardiovascular. This disease is really also most had by the candidate of `jemaah haji'.

This study purpose is to know the extent which the effect of cardiovascular disease against the death of 'jemaah haji' from West Java and other factors which influence its.

Study design used the unmatched cases control with the quantity of case samples are 191 persons (in accordance with the `jemaah haji' number who died) and control is simple randomly taken from the 'jemaah haji' who were not died as much 191 persons, so total samples were 382 persons. Excluding from the samples are officials and `jemaah haji ONH Plus'.

Data processing used the univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis which consisted of stratification analysis and unconditional logistic regression. Software used is the Stata Version 4.0.

Results of study showed that the risk of 'jemaah haji's death who had the cardiovascular disease was 2.2 times rather than `jemaah haji' who did not have the cardiovascular disease, after they were controlled by both age and educational variables. Older their age, higher their death risk, where as education has protective characteristic, it is meant the higher educational level, the lower death risk. Where as, sex and departure time have unsignificant effect.

71.73 % of the `jemaah haji' died out of the implementation of actually `ibadah haji' and 31.41 % died before having sufficient time to implement that `ibadah haji'.

For saving the high risk `jemaah haji', a possibility is necessarily sounded out to establish the special flight group for the high risk `jemaah haji', who are embarked in the last season of embarkation and their action of doing back in the early season of their going back.

References : 47 (1964 - 1997)