ABSTRAKTujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan yang berupa karbohidrat serta cairan dan elektrolit terhadap perubahan kemampuan fisik atlet.Tempat Pelatnas Dayung, Jatiluhur, PurwakartaRuang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian : Perahu tradisional/perahu naga merupakan salah satu jenis olahraga yang sudah membawa harum nama bangsa Indonesia. Kemampuan fisik atlet yang prima dapat menunjang peningkatan prestasi, tetapi jika pertandingan dilakukan berulang-ulang dan dalam waktu yang relatif singkat maka prestasi tersebut akan menurun, oleh sebab itu dianjurkan memberikan makanan tambahan untuk mengurangi penurunan prestasi tersebut. Olahraga dayung (perahu tradisional/perahu naga) merupakan olahraga kombinasi antara ketahanan fisik (endurance) dan kekuatan serta kecepatan (power), maka sangat membutuhkan karbohidrat sebagai sumber energi utama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan yang berupa karbohidrat, cairan dan elektrolit terhadap perubahan kemampuan fisik. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi eksperimental pre- dan pasca- tes dengan menggunakan subjek yang sama sebagai kontrol dan perlakuan. Tes kemampuan fisik dilakukan di darat (tes dragon eigotneter dan tes lari metode Balke) dan di air (tes louring), pada saat perlakuan diberikan makanan tambahan (apel dan atau pisang) serta minuman karbohidrat dan elektrolit dengan jumlah asupan energi antara 404,18 - 415,19 Kkal sedangkan asupan karbohidrat antara 97,13 - 103,65 g.Hasil : Asupan karbohidrat sebelum perlakuan 59,7 % sedangkan sesudah perlakuan 61,4 %. Kadar ureum darah sesudah perlakuan (27,96 mgldL) lebih rendah daripada sebelum perlakuan (36,91 mg/dL), hingga juga kadar CK darah sesudah perlakuan (55,55 mg/L) lebih rendah daripada sebelum perlakuan (64,23 mg/L). Kadar hematokrit sesudah perlakuan (45,32 vol %) lebih rendah daripada sebelum perlakuan (46,50 vol %), begitu juga kadar Na darah sesudah perlakuan (142,23 mg/L) lebih rendah daripada sebelum perlakuan (145.50 mg/L), sedangkan kadar K darah sesudah perlakuan (4,35 mg/L) lebih tinggi daripada sebelum perlakuan (3,93 mg/L). Perubahan berat badan sesudah perlakuan (0,02 kg), lebih sedikit daripada sebelumnya (0,50 kg) dan dengan uji staristik didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p = 0,013). Dari hasil tes kemampuan fisik di darat maupun di air ternyata dengan pemberian makanan tambahan kecepatan awal dan akhir sesudah perlakuan lebih cepat daripada sebelum perlakuan, begitu juga waktu tempuh awal dan akhir sesudah perlakuan sesudah perlakuan lebih singkat daripada sebelum perlakuan.Kesimpulan : Pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan dalam bentuk karbohidrat serta cairan dan elektrolit sangat berpengaruh terhadap simpanan karbohidrat mot, pencegahan dehidrasi. pencegahan penurunan prestasi pada pertandingan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang dan dalam waktu singkat serta dapat memenuhi kebumhan nutrisi makanan utama.

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ABSTRACT

objective

To identify the effects of carbohydrate, fluid and electrolyte of supplementary feeding on the performance of athletes. Jatiluhur National Training Center for Dragon boat, Purwakata.

Methods Dragon boat is one of the branches of sport, which has brought fame to Indonesia internationally. Athletes' physical performance very much enhances their sport performance. Taking part in races repeatedly, particularly in a short span of time will decrease their performance. However. Supplementary food can tackle this problem. Dragon boat is a sport which requires the combination of endurance and power. Therefore it demands carbohydrate as the main source of energy. The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of supplementary foods, either food or drink, such as carbohydrate, fluid and electrolyte on the physical changes of the athletes. It is a pre- and post-experimental test, using the control group as the same subjects as the treatment group. The physical performance test was conducted in land (dragon ergometer and running test of Balke Method), and on water (touring test). During those tests. administration of apples and 1 or bananas as supplementary food and sports drink containing carbohydrate, fluid and electrolyte were given

The energy intake ranged from 404,18 to 415,19 Kcal. The intake for carbohydrate was between 97.13 to 103,65 g.

Results : Carbohydrate intake before treatment was 59,7 % and after treatment was 61,4 %. Blood ureum level after treatment (27,96 mg/dL) was lower than before treatment (36,91 mg/dL). Blood creatine kinase level after treatment (55,55 mg/dL) was lower than before treatment (64,23 mg/dL). Hematocrite after treatment (45,32 vol %) was lower than before treatment (46,50 vol %). Sodium level after treatment (142,23 mg/L) was lower than before treatment (145,50 mg/L.). Potassium level after treatment (4,35 mg/L) was higher than before treatment (3,93 mg/dL). Changes of weight also accrued after treatment (0,02 kg), a little lower than before treatment (0,50 kg). By means of statistical test was found that the statistical significance was p = 0,013. The results of the physical performance test in land and on water have shown that supplementary feeding enhances the speed at the beginning and end of treatment than before the treatment. Also, the time distance needed at the beginning and the end of the races was shorter than before treatment.

Conclusions : Supplementary feeding in the form of carbohydrate, fluid and electrolyte has great influences on the storage of muscle carbohydrates, dehydration prevention, in the races which are carried out repeatedly in a short span of time. It can meet the nutrient requirement adequacy of main dish as well.