Berdasarkan data ICCO pada tahun 2004/2005 Indonesia diperkirakan menguasai pangsa pasar dunia akan komoditi biji kakao sebanyak 13% dan merupakan produsen ketiga terbesar setclah Cate d'Ivoire dan Ghana yang masing-masing menguasai pangsa pasar sebanyak 39% dan 19%.Peningkatan yang terbesar disumbangkan oleh perkebunan rakyat. Untuk periode 1990-1999, pertumbuhan lahan tanam kakao di Indonesia mencapai 6.5% per tahun dengan pertumbuhan lahan perkebunan rakyat lebih tinggi dari rata-rata yaitu 7.8% per tahun. Perkembangan yang cepat terjadi di pulau Sulawesi khususnya Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara dan Sulawesi Tengah.Penelitian ini mencoba untuk melihat sumber pertumbuhan kakao Indonesia melalui studi kasus terhadap 3 provinsi di Sulawesi dan mengambil 14 kabupaten penghasil terbesar. Model pertumbuhan produksi berdasarkan model Cobb-Douglas dengan variabel inputnya adalah luas lahan, penggunaan pupuk, tenaga kerja dan curah hujan. Pengujian dilakukan dengan Chow dan Haussman Test, teryata model yang tepat menggambarkan pertumbuhan produksi adalah model random effect.Dengan model random effect ini berarti bahwa fungsi produksi di 14 kabupaten pada 3 provinsi Sulawesi mengalami heterogenitas yang sifatnya beragam. Hal ini sangat realistis karena karakteristik antar wilayah berbeda. Secara umum keempat variabel input tersebut berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan produksi kakao. Luas lahan merupakan faktor utama yang paling berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan produksi kakao diikuti oleh tenaga kerja. Secara statistik pupuk dan curah hujan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan.

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According to ICCO data, in the year of 2004-2005 Indonesia will dominate and possibility the third large manufacture world supplies on cacao seeds around 13% world market share subsequent to Cote d `Ivoire and Ghana which supply about 39% and 19% respectively.

The increase of production is due to rapid increase of the acreage planted cacao in each year. The biggest contribution of cacao production is household owned farm type based of production. In the period of 1990-1999, the acreage expantion cacao has reached 6.5% which higher than average which 7.8% per year.

The significant acreage expantion place in Sulawesi Island, especially South Sulawesi, South-East Sulawesi, and Center ,of Sulawesi. These three provinces are considered as major producer of cacao in Indonesia.

The objective of this research is to analyze the source growth of cacao in Indonesia with the case three provinces of Sulawesi. These three provinces was broken down into by sample 14 regions which considered as the largest areas. The production function is used to investigate the source of growth is Cobb Douglas. The independent variables (input) included to production function are: size of land, fertilizer usage, labor and the rain frequency. The data constructed in the pool regression, fixed and random effect by using the Chow and Haussman test, the result analyze shows the random effect model is the appropriate model to explain source of growth in the production function.

Using random effect means that production function for 14 regions, it was found that the source of cacao growth over Sulawesi island are labor and expantion of land. Thus, the expansion of planted land for cacao with intensive presumably household labors are playing an important role to explain the source of growth.