ABSTRAKTujuan umum: Mengetahui pengaruh plat palatum akrilik pada pemakai gigi tiruan lepas rahang atas pada kejelasan pengucapan.Tujuan khusus: (1) Mengetahui pengaruh plat palatum terhadap nilai formant 1 (F 1) dan formant 2 (F 2) pada vokal /a/, /i/, /i/ bahasa Indonesia. (2) Mengetahui pengaruh plat palatum konsonan linguopalatal /c/, /j/, /d/, /t/ dan konsonan /s/ bahasa Indonesia. (3) Mencari nilai baku F 1, F 2, durasi konsonan linguopalatal dan konsonan /s/, serta pengaruh jenis kelamin, suku, tingkat pendidikan. (4) Membandingkan perbedaan hasil penilaian subyektif dan obyektif dalam evaluasi pengembalian fungsi fonetik pasca pemakaian gigi tiruanMetode penelitian: Rancangan penelitian terdiri dari 2 tahap yaitu (1) penelitian exploratif observasional yang bersifat deskriptif, untuk mencari nilai baku dan karakteristik nilai F 1 F 2, vokal bahasa Indonesia, serta durasi konsonan linguopalatal dan konsonan /s/ bahasa Indonesia. (2) penelitian experimental analitik dengan pre and post control design yaitu penelitian uji klinik pads responder pemakai gigi tiruan lepas rahang atas, untuk mencari pengaruh plat yang menutupi palatum pada kejelasan pengucapan dan diamati sesaat setelah gigi tiruan dipasang, tiga hari, dan sepuluh hari setelah memakai gigi tiruan dibandingkan sebelum memakai gigi tiruan. Penelitian tahap pertama dilakukan pada 425 responden. Evaluasi kejelasan pengucapan dilakukan dengan 2 cara, yaitu penilaian obyektif dan subyektif. Cara penilaian obyektif yaitu dengan menghitung F 1 F 2, vokal bahasa Indonesia dalam Hertz (jumlah gelombang per detik) dan menghitung durasi konsonan linguopalatal dan konsonan /s/ dalam bahasa Indonesia yang dihitung dalam milidetik. Cara penilaian subyektif adalah dengan dilakukan berdasarkan jumlah responden yang tidak mengalami kesulitan mengucapkan kata-kata gabungan vokal dan konsonan linguopalatal dan konsonan /s/ dan kejelasan pengucapan menurut operator.Hasil penelitian: (1) Jenis kelamin dan pendidikan berpengaruh terhadap nilai F 1, F2 vokal namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsonan linguopalatal dan konsonan /s/. (2) Variabel kelompok suku umumnya tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai F 1, F 2 kecuali kelompok suku Betawi yang menunjukkan perbedaannya pata F1 /a/ dan F 2 /u/. Demikian juga kelompok suku tidak berpengaruh terhadap durasi konsonan, kecuali kelompok suku Indonesia Bagian Timur menunjukkan durasi paling panjang untuk konsonan /j/. (3) Hasil penelitian experimental menunjukkan nilai F 1, F 2 vokal /a/, /i/, /u/ bahasa Indonesia pads pemakai gigi tiruan dengan plat palatum mengalami penurunan frekuensi, sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Kaires (1959). Selanjutnya terlihat perbedaan bermakna untuk nilai F 1 vokal /a/, /u/ bahasa Indonesia pada pemakai gigi tiruan dengan plat palatum bila dibanding nilai baku, yaitu F 1 /a/ pada kata cacah, jajah, dada, ratap, sasa. F 1 /i/l pada kata-kata cicih, titip, dan F 1 /u/ pada kata cucu, juju, rutup, duduk, susu.

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ABSTRACT

Objective of the study:

General aims: To find out the influence of palatal plate of removable denture on the quality of pronunciation

Specific objectives:

(1) to seek for standard values of F 1 and F 2 for vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ and the duration for some linguopalatal consonants /c/, /j/, /d/, /t/ and the consonant Is/ in bahasa Indonesia and the correlatation between gender, education background and ethnic group.

(2) to find out the change in F 1 and F 2 for vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ after wearing an acrylic palatal plate

(3) to find out the duration of above mentioned linguopalatal consonants /c/, /j/, /d/, /t/ and the consonant /s/ after wearing an acrylic palatal plate.

(4) to compare objective fingdings to subjective findings generally used in to evaluation of phonetics in removable denture contraction.

Methods This research program will be divided into 2 stages:

(1) descriptive study for seeking standard values of F and F 2 for vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ and the duration of linguopalatal consonant /c/, /j/, /d/, /t/ and consonant /s/ in bahasa Indonesia and the correction to gender, education background and ethnic group.

(2) experimental study designed as pre- and post-test study. This is done clinically on patients wearing an upper removable acrylic denture a palatal covering base. It is meant to observe the influence of the palatal plate on the quality of pronunciations. Observation was done the time of insertion, 3 days, and 10 days after wearing the denture with palatal plate. The data was compared to the data before wearing the denture.

Evaluation was done objectively and subjectively. The objective evaluation was done by looking at the value F 1 and F 2 of vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ Ad in Hertz , and and duration of linguapalatal consonants /c/ /j/, /d/, /t/ and consonant /s/ in bahasa Indonesia. The subjective evaluation was done by counting the number of subjects without difficulties in their pronunciation, and the clearness of pronunciation as heard by the operator.

Results and discussion. (1) Significant differences were found in the value of F 1 and F 2 of vowels /a/, /i/, /u/between man and woman, which might be related to the difference in the anatomical structure of the larynx, which is longer in man. Significant differences were also showed among levels of education. However, no significant difference was found neither in the duration linguopalatal consonants /c/ /j/, /d/, /t/. (2) The ethnic group had no significant different on the values of F 1

and F 2 except for F 1 /a/ and F 2 /u/ (Betawi). No significant different was found in the duration of linguopalatal consonants except for the consonant which was longest for East Part ethnic group (IBT). These significant differences might he related to the influence of local language as a mother tongue, and Bahasa Indonesia as a second language. (3) A decreasing in frequency F 1 and F 2, was observed at the time of insertion the denture with palatal plate, which support Kaires's findings (1959). A significant differences was found in F 1 to the normal standard value, in F1 /a/ - cacah, dada, jajah, tatap, sasa. F 1 /i/ - jijik, didih. F 1 /u/ in tutu, juju, Cucu, duduk, susu.