ABSTRAKMuara Angke merupakan suatu kawasan delta Kali Angke di Jakarta Utara yang telah dikembangkan menjadi pusat kegiatan perikanan tradisional yang diharapkan dapat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup nelayan. Pusat kegiatan perikanan tradisional tersebut menyediakan fasilitas yang antara lain yaitu fasilitas pendaratan ikan, pengolahan ikan, pengeringan ikan, Koperasi, Bank, Pemukiman Nelayan dan lainnya. Para nelayan tersebut dapat membeli rumah dengan cara mencicil.Ada 2 RW yaitu RW 001 dan RW 011. Areal Pemukiman Nelayan Muara Angke di delta kali Angke di daerah pasang surut, yang mengalami banjirpasang. Penghuni terganggu oleh banjir pasang yang masuk ke dalam rumah dan jalan jalan yang tergenang air. Usaha-usaha untuk mengatasi gangguan ini adalah dengan menaikkan ketinggian jalan hampir setiap dua tahun. Hal ini menjadikan ketinggian lantai rumah lebih rendah dari ketinggian muka jalan.Penghuni yang mampu secara ekonomi dapat menaikkan ketinggian lantai rumah dan menaikkan ketinggian atapnya. Tetapi kebanyakan penghuni tidak mampu untuk melakukannya. Mereka hanya dapat menaikkan ketinggian lantai saja dengan puing sehingga ketinggian plafond menjadi rendah. Penghuni yang tidak mampu sama sekali hanya dapat membuat penghalang di muka pintu kurang lebih 3 cm.Anatomi rumah yang meliputi elemen-elemen seperti ketinggian lantai rumah terhadap muka jalan, ketinggian plafond terhadap lantai, luas jendela, luas rumah per orang, nampaknya mempunyai hubungan dengan jumlah penyakit yang diderita penghuninya cukup tinggi: ISPA, diare, kulit. Sebagaimana yang terungkapkan dari laporan PUSKESMAS Pluit tentang kesehatan penghuni Pemukiman Nelayan Muara Angke.Atas dasar keadaan tersebut penulis ingin membuktikan hubungan anatomi rumah dengan penyakit yang diderita penghuninya.Untuk itu dirumuskan pertanyaan penelitian sebagai berikut:(1) Apakah ada hubungan anatomi rumah yang meliputi ketinggian lantai terhadap muka jalan, ketinggian plafond terhadap lantai rumah, luas rumah per orang, luas jendela ruang tidur ke dua, jamban/WC, tempat cuci bahan makanan dan perabot dengan penyakit yang diderita penghuninya (ISPA, diare, kulit, kecacingan).(2) Apakah ada hubungan antara jenis penyakit yang diderita penghuni dengan jenis rumah panggung dan penghuni jenis rumah bukan panggung?Tujuan penelitian ini adalah dibatasi untuk:(1) Mengetahui hubungan anatomi rumah yang meliputi elemen-elemen ketinggian lantai terhadap muka jalan, ketinggian plafond terhadap Iantai rumah, luas rumah per orang, luas jendela ruang tidur ke dua, jamban/WC, tempat cuci bahan makanan dan perabot dengan penyakit yang diderita penghuninya (ISPA, diare, kulit, kecacingan).(2) Mengetahui hubungan jenis penyakit yang diderita penghuni dengan jenis rumah`panggung dan jenis rumah bukan panggung.Penelitian dilakukan pada Pemukiman Nelayan Muara Angke yang mempunyai 2 RW yaitu RW 001 dan RW 011. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak dengan melihat proporsi penyakit yang diderita penghuni. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji Chi-square (x2) untuk mengetahui hubungan anatomi rumah dengan penyakit yang diderita penghuninya dan untuk mengetahui hubungan penyakit yang diderita penghuni dengan jenis rumah panggung dan jenis rumah bukan panggung.Sari hasil penelitian ini dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut:(1) Elemen-elemen anatomi rumah yang mempunyai hubungan dengan penyakit ISPA adalah:(a) ketinggian lantai rumah terhadap muka jalan(b) ketinggian plafond terhadap lantai rumah(c) luas jendela ruang tidur ke dua(d) luas rumah per orang(e) bahan bangunan atap(2) Elemen anatomi rumah yang mempunyai hubungan dengan penyakit diare adalah:- tempat bahan makanan dan perabot(3) Elemen anatomi rumah yang mempunyai hubungan dengan penyakit kulit adalah:- ketinggian lantai rumah terhadap muka jalan(4) Elemen anatomi rumah yang mempunyai hubungan dengan penyakit cacingan adalah:- ketinggian lantai rumah terhadap muka jalan(5) Terdapat hubungan jenis penyakit yang diderita penghuni dengan jenis rumah panggung dan jenis rumah bukan panggung.Meskipun pembangunan pemukiman neiayan Muara Angke telah memberi manfaat pada nelayan namun perlu dipikirkan langkah-langkah penanganan lebih lanjut pada pembangunan pemukiman selanjutnya yang perlu memperhatikan anatomi rumah dan keadaan daerah pemukiman (daerah pasang surut) untuk mencapai derajat kesehatan penghuni yang baik.Elemen anatomi antara lain meliputi ketinggian lantai rumah terhadap muka jalan, ketinggian plafond terhadap lantai rumah, luas rumah per orang, luas jendela, bahan bangunan, jamban/WC, tempat cuci bahan makanan dan perabot.

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ABSTRACT

Muara Angke is a delta of the Angke River in North Jakarta which has been developed for a traditional fishing centre and it is expected to enhance the quality of life of the fishermen. The traditional fishing centre is furnished, among others, with a landing facility, facilities for processing and drying of the fish, a cooperative association, a bank, housing for the fishermen, etc. The fishermen can buy a house by installments.

There are two community districts, RW 001 and RW 011. The Muara Angke fishermen housing area in the delta of the Angke River is situated in an area which is overflowed during flood tide, although

a wave-breaker has been built. The inhabitants are suffered by water flowing into their houses during flood tide, and roads standing under water. Efforts to overcome this problem by raising the road level almost every two years are very costly. This also has the result that the level of the house floor becomes lower than the level of the road. The inhabitants who do have the means can raise the level of the floor by filling and raising the roof of the house. But most of the inhabitants who do not have the means to do so, they only raise the level of the floor by filling it with debrise. So that, the height of the ceiling is getting lower to the floor. The inhabitants who don't have any means to fill the floor, they only make a small dike of 30 cm at their front doors.

The anatomy of a house, including elements like the level of the floor relative to that of the road, the height of the ceiling relative to the floor level, the window area, the area of the house per inhabitant, the toilets, the washing place for the foodstuffs and kitchen utensils, seem to be related to the high number of diseases cases such as acute infection of the respiratory system, diarrhea, skin and as is revealed by the reports on the health of the inhabitants of the Muara Angke fisherman housing area from the Pluit public health centre (PUSKESMAS).

Writer wishes to investigate whether there is a relationship between the anatomy of a house and the number of diseases of its inhabitants. The problem statement of the research can be formulated as follows:

(1) Does a relationship exist between the anatomy of a house comprising the level of the floor relative to that of the road, the height of the ceiling relative to the floor level, the area of the house per inhabitants, the window area in the second bedroom number two, the toilets, the washing place for the food stuffs and kitchen utensils and the number of diseases such as acute infection of the respiratory system, skin and worm diseases among the inhabitants?

(2) Does a relationship exist between the number of diseases in the houses on poles and the number of diseases in the houses not on poles?

The goal of this research is limited to find out:

(1) The relationship between the anatomy of a house comprising the elements of the level of the floor relative to that of the road, the height of the ceiling, area of the house per person, area of the window in the second bedroom, toilets, washing place for the food stuffs, kitchen-utensils and the number of diseases among the inhabitants (such as acute infection of respiratory system, diarrhea, skin and worm diseases).

(2) The relationship between the number of diseases in the houses on poles and in the houses not on poles.

The research has been carried out on the Muara Angke Fishermen Housing Area with its two community districts, RW 001 and RW 011. Samples area taken randomly, in proportion to the disease number of the inhabitants.

The hypothesis is tested by using the chi-square test, to reveal the relationship between the anatomy of a house and the number of diseases among the inhabitants, while the t-test is used to reveal the difference between the number of diseases in the houses on poles and in houses not on poles.

As the results of this research the following conclusions can be drawn:

(1) Elements of the anatomy of a house which have a relationship with the occurrences of cases of Acute Infection of the Respiratory System:

(a) the level of the floor relative to that of the road

(b) the height of the ceiling relative to the floor level

(c) the window area of the second bedroom

(d) the area of the house per inhabitants

(e) the material of the roof of the house

(2) Elements of the anatomy of a house which have a relationship with the occurrence of cases of diarrhea:

- the washing place for the food stuffs and kitchen utensils

(3) Elements of-the anatomy of a house which have a relationship with the occurrence of cases of skin diseases:

- the level of the floor relative to that of the road

(4) Elements of the anatomy of a house which have a relationship with the occurrence of cases of worm diseases:- the level of the floor relative to that of the road

(5) There is a relationship between the number of occurrences of diseases in the houses on poles and that in the houses not on poles, and there is significant evident that the houses on poles have a higher degree of health of its inhabitants than that of the houses not on poles.

Although the Muara Angke Fishermen Housing Area which has been built is of significant benefit to the fishermen, the action steps for quality improvement in the future development of the fishermen housing area should be planned appropriately taking into consideration the anatomy of a house and the local conditions of the area (exposed to tidal floods) to enhance the degree of health of its inhabitants.

A number of elements of house anatomy especially are as follows: the level of the floor relative to that of the road, the height of the ceiling, area of the house per person, area of the window in the second bedroom, toilets, washing place for the food stuffs and kitchen utensils.