Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kontroversi kasus Irak yang bersumber dari sikap Amerika Serikat yang berambisi menjatuhkan pemerintahan Irak di bawah Presiden Sadam Hussein. Berbagai argumentasi dan bukti tentang keterlibatan Irak dalam terorisme dan senjata pemusnah masal terus disampaikan oleh Amerika Serikat guna mendapatkan dukungan masyarakat internasional. Perdebatan tentang perlu tidaknya tindakan militer atas negara Irak terus berlanjut baik di media massa maupun di forum-forum resmi di Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa. Perdebatan tentang perlu tidaknya invasi tersebut juga berkembang di negara-negara Uni Eropa yang selama ini dikenal sebagai anggota NATO di bawah Amerika Serikat. Negara senior yang sangat berpengaruh seperti Jerman dan Prancis dengan tegas menolak rencana invasi militer atas Irak. Permasalahan yang perlu dijawab dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) apa kepentingan Amerika Serikat menggulingkan Presiden Sadam Husein? dan 2) mengapa Uni Eropa menentang invasi militer terhadap Irak? Serangan terhadap Irak adalah bagian dari kepentingan Amerika Serikat untuk menjamin keamanan sumberdaya minyak bumi dan dominasinya terhadap kawasan Timur Tengah dengan cara mengganti pemerintahan yang dianggap tidak mendukung Amerika Serikat. Timur Tengah yang selama ini menjadi daerah instabilitas harus berada di bawah kontrol Amerika Serikat. Pada saat yang sama, Jerman dan Francis atas nama Uni Eropa juga mempunyai kepentingan untuk meningkatkan pengaruhnya di kawasan Timur Tengah melalui kerjasama-kerjasama ekonomi dan peran diplomatiknya dalam menyelesaikan damai terhadap masalah konflik antara Israel dan negara-negara di Timur Tengah. Konsisten dengan langkah damai melalui perlucutan senjata Irak melalui Resolusi PBS 1441, Jerman dan Prancis menentang Amerika Serikat yang mengesampingkan resolusi tersebut dengan menginvasi Irak secara sepihak. Berdasarkan hasil-hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Jerman dan Prancis dengan Amerika Serikat mempunyai kepentingan yang sama yaitu peningkatan pengaruh terhadap kawasan Timur Tengah. Penolakan Jerman dan Prancis terhadap invasi militer atas Irak berangkat dari keinginan Jerman dan Prancis meningkatkan peran-peran diplomatiknya di Timur Tengah.

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This research attempts to explain the different policy of European Union and US on Iraqi war H. Since 11 September attack, US government believed that radical Moslem terrorist was behind on WTC case. For US, North Korea, Iran and Iraq are devil axis where terrorists are free to live and grow. Those countries must be under control the UN extremely for international stability reason. For Iraq, in particular, US government proposes to change Iraqi administration for world peace and democratization of Iraqi people. Under Saddam Husein, the peace process of Middle East has not been achieved. US have pushed the UN to take military action deal with Iraq. US said that Saddam Husein developed the weapon mass of destruction to fight Israel and occupy other Arabic land. Although the UN team did not find the weapon mass of destruction like US opinion, the Bush administration would like to change Saddam government. Meanwhile, European Union disagreed to US policy. For European Union both Germany and France as leading countries of Europe, diplomacy is much better way than a war. It is necessary to take some questions dealing with the European Union (Germany and France) and US policy on Iraq problem. First, Why US really wanted to change Saddam Husein government? Second, Why European Union (Germany and France) rejected US proposal for Iraq? There were opinions on European forum itself whether fighting Iraq military was need. Some of them did so, and the rest did not so. Germany and France as senior countries of Europe preferred to take diplomacy. European Union asked the UN to take pays more attention for Iraq problem. The point is that European Union has not wanted to US as sole power for Iraqi future. It is fact that some European Union countries are member of NATO, but it does not mean that all US policy will be supported. They have worried what US did would cause race and religious sentiment. The most important thing of combating Iraq is national interest of US. A natural resource of Iraqis the answer. Oil is a main of Iraq resource that is hunted. US have recognized that potential oil of Iraq is bigger than Sandia. If US could change Iraq government, most oil resource of Iraq would support US industry. US efforts have disturbed the bilateral economical relationship between Iraq and European Union. Politically, European Union wants to give more contribution for peace process in Middle East region. Without any political tension on that region, European Union will get many advantages. The Middle East countries those are disappointed to the US domination will tend to Europe. European Union for future time will have power and influence like US.