Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui dampak jangka pendek program BBM Satu Harga yang diterapkan tahun 2017 terhadap biaya transportasi di daerah tertinggal Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengobservasi 585 desa penerapan program BBM Satu Harga selama 3 tahun yaitu 2006, 2014 dan 2018 dengan total unit observasi sebanyak 1.755 desa. Dengan metode analisis Difference in Difference (DID), penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hingga 2018, program BBM Satu Harga berdampak signifikan pada penurunan biaya transportasi di daerah tertinggal khususnya desa-desa yang berjarak 15 km dari Stasiun Pengisian BBM Umum (SPBU) penyalur program. Terdapat dua saluran (channeling) efek program BBM Satu Harga terhadap biaya transportasi yaitu meningkatnya pasokan dan turunnya harga BBM dibandingkan sebelum program diterapkan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa desa-desa yang berjarak lebih dari 15 km dari SPBU program cukup banyak dan tidak mengalami dampak signifikan dari program. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak warga yang belum mendapatkan manfaat signifikan dari program ini.

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This research wants to know the short-term impact of the One Price Fuel program implemented in 2017 on transportation costs in underdeveloped areas of Indonesia. This study observed 585 villages implementing the One Price Fuel program for 3 years, namely 2006, 2014 and 2018 with a total observation unit of 1,755 villages. With the Difference in Difference (DID) analysis method, this study shows that until 2018, the One Price Fuel program has a significant impact on reducing transportation costs in underdeveloped areas, especially villages that are 15 km from the public fuel stations (SPBU) program distributors. There are two channels of the effect of the One Price Fuel program on transportation costs, i.e the increasing in supply and decreasing in the price of fuel compared to before the program was implemented. This study also found that there were quite a lot of villages that were more than 15 km from the SPBU program and did not experience a significant impact from the program. It shows that many residents have not significant benefited from this program.