Pada masa Orde Baru terjadi berbagai peristiwa penting yang melibatkan interaksi antara Islam dan Kristen di Indonesia. Peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut menunjukkan terjadinya ketegangan antara Islam dan Kristen di Indonesia. Para pemimpin dari kedua belah pihak terlibat dalam pergumulan. H.M. Rasjidi muncul sebagai tokoh intelektual Muslim yang memberikan pandangannya mengenai hubungan kedua agama. Tesis ini membahas pandangan H.M. Rasjidi mengenai relasi Islam dan Kristen pada masa Orde baru. Masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana latar belakang pemikiran H.M. Rasjidi, bagaimana Rasjidi melihat relasi Islam dan Kristen serta bagaimana pandangan Rasjidi mempengaruhi wacana relasi Islam dan Kristen di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari tahapan heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan adalah arsip-arsip, karya-karya H.M. Rasjidi yang tersebar dalam bentuk buku, makalah, dan artikel di media massa, serta pemberitaan media massa sezaman.  Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah teori strukturasi dari Anthony Giddens yang memandang adanya dualitas struktur. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pandangan H.M. Rasjidi dipengaruhi oleh struktur Islam dan Barat. Adapun pandangan H.M. Rasjidi mengenai relasi Islam dan Kristen pada masa Orde Baru adalah terjadinya penyebaran agama Kristen kepada orang-orang Islam dengan menyalahgunakan diakonia. Selain itu terjadi kesalahpahaman orang Kristen terhadap orang Islam yang menyebabkan umat Kristen selalu menghalangi keinginan umat Islam untuk menerapkan Syariat Islam. Rasjidi menjunjung tinggi kebebasan beragama sebagai  kebebasan menjalankan suatu agama dalam satu komunitas tanpa diganggu oleh upaya penyebaran agama lain. Pandangan Rasjidi memiliki pengaruh baik di kalangan Muslim maupun non Muslim.

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During The New Order Era, there were various important events involving the interaction between Islam and Christianity in Indonesia. These events reflect the tension and mistrust between the two religions. Numerous leaders from both religions took part in the struggle. H.M. Rasjidi emerged as a Muslim intellectual figure who gave his views on the relationship between the two religions. This thesis discusses Mohammad Rasjidi's views on the relationship between Islam and Christianity in Indonesia during the New Order era. The problem raised in this research is how the background of H.M. Rasjidi's thinking, how Rasjidi saw the relationship between Islam and Christianity and how Rasjidi's views influence the discourse on the relationship between Islam and Christianity in Indonesia. This study uses historical methods consisting of heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography. This thesis takes sources from archives and literature written by Mohammad Rasjidi, in the form of books, papers, and articles in the mass media, as well as mass media reports. This study uses a structuration approach from Anthony Giddens which views the duality of structure. This research found that H.M. Rasjidi’s view was influenced by Islamic and Western structures. According to H.M. Rasjidi, the interaction between Islam and Christianity in New Order era was characterized by the abuse of diakonia in order to spread Christianity among Muslims. In addition, there was miscommunication between Christians and Muslims. In addition, there were misunderstandings between Muslims and Christians  which caused Christians to always hinder the wishes of Muslims to implement Islamic law. Rasjidi upholds religious freedom as the freedom to practice a religion in one community without being disturbed by efforts to spread other religions. Rasjidi uphelds religious freedom as the freedom to practice a religion in one community without being disturbed by efforts to spread other religions. Rasjidi's views had influenced both Muslims and non-Muslims.