Penelitian ini membahas mengenai penyebab kegagalan swasembada gula era pemerintahan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono periode 2004-2011. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksplanatif dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara narasumber. Teori yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teori liberalisasi ekonomi, teori society-centered approaches dan teori kroni kapitalisme. Berdasarkan ketiga teori tersebut, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kegagalan swasembada gula disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal adalah regulasi pemerintah yang dipengaruhi liberalisasi dan posisi kelompok masyarakat dalam kebijakan swasembada gula dimana pihak korporasi lebih kuat dibanding petani. Hal ini disebabkan adanya kedekatan pihak korporasi kepada pihak pemerintah. Adapun faktor eksternal adalah agenda liberalisasi ekonomi melalui AoA WTO dan Post Monitoring Program LoI IMF. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor eksternal menjadi faktor utama dan mempengaruhi kegagalan swasembada gula era pemerintahan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

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TThis research discusses the causes in achieving sugar self-sufficiency in the era of the President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-2011). It employs a qualitative method which has explanative characteristics. The data collection methods include collect are literature study and interviews. Three body of theoritical literature are explore in this study, including economic liberalization, society-centered approaches and crony capitalism. Based on these theories, the failure of achieving self-sufficiency is caused by internal and external factors. Internal factors include deregulative policies that meet the particular interest groups in sugar self-sufficiency related to corporation in Indonesia. In this situation, the mutual interaction between government and interst corporations or crony capitaism strenghten the corporations over the farmers. The external factors are the agenda of economic liberalization of the Agreement on Agriculture WTO and Post Monitoring Program Letter of Intent IMF. This study argued that external factors the dominant in leading to the failure of sugar self-sufficiency are more in the President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.