Latar Belakang: Anak jalanan yang jumlahnya terus meningkat, merupakan kelompok berisiko tinggi terhadap berbagai masalah sosial dan kesehatan, namun belum ada informasi tentang pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku mereka yang berisiko penularan HIV/AIDS.Tujuan: Mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap HIV/AIDS, serta perilaku berisiko tinggi penularan HIV/AIDS dan faktor yang memengaruhinya pada anak jalanan usia remaja di Jakarta.Metode: Studi kuantitatif (kuesioner yang divalidasi) dan kualitatif (wawancara, focus group discussion, dan observasi) terhadap 100 subjek usia 10-18 tahun yang dipilih secara konsekutif. Analisis statistik menggunakan analisis bivariat (uji kai kuadrat atau uji Fischer) dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik).Hasil: Sebagian besar (85%) subjek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang masih kurang terhadap HIV/AIDS, 35% subjek belum pernah mendengar istilah HIV/AIDS. Tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi keluarga merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap HIV/AIDS. Perilaku risiko tinggi penularan HIV/AIDS melibatkan 27% subjek, risiko sedang 18% subjek, risiko rendah 55% subjek. Sebanyak 17% subjek pernah berhubungan seksual (82,4% tidak pernah menggunakan kondom), 58% perokok; 45% peminum alkohol, 26% pengguna obat-obatan terlarang. Prostitusi dan homoseksualitas juga didapatkan pada anak jalanan. Usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, lama bekerja, jumlah jam kerja, tempat tinggal, frekuensi bertemu orangtua kandung, dan sumber informasi utama merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat perilaku risiko tinggi.Simpulan: Anak jalanan memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang kurang terhadap HIV/AIDS serta banyak terlibat perilaku berisiko tinggi, sehingga membutuhkan penanganan yang komprehensif dan multidisiplin.

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Background: Street children are increasing and highly vulnerable to many social and health problems, but very little is known about their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to HIV/AIDS transmission.

Objectives: To identify level of knowledge, attitudes, and high-risk behavior related to HIV/AIDS transmission among adolescent street children in Jakarta and its related factors.

Methods: Quantitative (validated questionnaire) and qualitative (in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and observation) study were conducted among 100 participants aged 10-18 years old which were recruited consecutively. Statistical analysis was done using bivariate (Chi-square or Fischer tests) and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis.

Results: Most participants (85%) had low knowledge about HIV/AIDS and 35% subjects never heard about HIV/AIDS. Low education level and low socio-economic status increased likelihood of having low knowledge about HIV/AIDS. High-risk behaviors were engaged by 27% participants, moderate risk 18%, low risk 55% participants. Seventeen percent subjects were sexually experienced (82,4% never use condom), 58% smokers, 45% alcohol drinkers, and 26% drug abusers. Prostitution and homosexuality were also prevalent among street children. Factors that increased the likelihood of displaying risky behavior were being male, older age, low education level, being street children more than 5 years, working on the street more than 35 hours a week, living on the street, less contact with parents, and having friend as major source of information.

Conclusions: Street children had low knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and high engagement on high-risk behavior, thus require comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches.