Sempadan sungai merupakan salah satu area yang rentan terkena bencana hidrologis seperti banjir dan erosi. Namun permukiman di sempadan sungai masih sering dijumpai, contohnya di Sempadan Sungai Batanghari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola spasial perkembangan permukiman di Sempadan Sungai Batanghari dan menganalisis faktor pendorong dan penghambat yang mempengaruhi perkembangan permukiman pada periode 1985-2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra satelit Landsat untuk menganalisis perkembangan permukiman secara spasial dan membagi sempadan sungai menjadi 29 segmen dan mengelompokkannya berdasarkan tipe alur sungai melalui penghitungan sinuosity index (SI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara spasial terjadi perkembangan luas permukiman di 25 segmen Sempadan Sungai Batanghari pada periode 1985-2020, sedangkan terjadi penurunan luas permukiman di 3 segmen. Berdasarkan tipe alur sungai, didapatkan tipe alur sungai meander merupakan tipe alur sungai yang paling pesat perkembangannya pada periode 1985-2020. Hal ini bertentangan dengan teori yang paling rentan terhadap bencana erosi tepi sungai. Sedangkan secara temporal, terjadi variasi perkembangan luas permukiman pada periode 1985-2020, dimana periode perkembangan tertinggi terjadi pada periode 1990-2000 sebesar 41,4%. Kemudian faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan permukiman yaitu faktor pendorong yang terdiri atas pekerjaan, perubahan penggunaan lahan, aksesibilitas dan budaya, sedangkan faktor penghambat terdiri atas bencana dan kebijakan pemerintah. Dimana faktor pendorong lebih dominan daripada faktor penghambat, yang berdampak kepada perkembangan permukiman di Sempadan Sungai Batanghari periode 1985-2020.

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Riverbanks are one of the areas that are vulnerable to hydrological disasters such as flooding and erosion. However, settlements on riverbanks are still often found, for example on the Batanghari Riverbanks. This study aims to analyze the spatial pattern of settlement development in the Batanghari River Basin and analyze the driving and inhibiting factors that influence settlement development in the 1985-2020 period. This study used Landsat satellite imagery to spatially analyze settlement development and divided the riverbanks into 29 segments and grouped them based on the type of river channel through the calculation of sinuosity index (SI). The results showed that spatially there was a development of settlement area in 25 segments of the Batanghari River Basin in the 1985- 2020 period, while there was a decrease in settlement area in 3 segments. Based on the type of river channel, it was found that the meander river channel type was the most rapidly developing river channel type in the 1985- 2020 period. This is contrary to the theory that it is most vulnerable to riverbank erosion disasters. While temporally, there were variations in the development of settlement areas in the 1985-2020 period, where the highest development period occurred in the 1990-2000 period by 41.4%. Then the factors that influence settlement development are driving factors consisting of employment, land use change, accessibility and culture, while inhibiting factors consist of disasters and government policies. Where the driving factor is more dominant than the inhibiting factor, which has an impact on the high development of settlements in the Batanghari River Basin for the period 1985-2020.