HI mempelajari interaksi antar aktor negara maupun non-negara secara lintas negara yang pembahasannya dikaji dalam berbagai ranah studi. Salah ranah satu studi HI tersebut adalah studi keamanan. Studi keamanan hubungan internasional mengalami perkembangan pasca Perang Dingin. Perubahan pendefinisian dan konsep keamanan terjadi yang tadinya memperhatikan keamanan terhadap negara menjadi meluas terhadap masyarakat. Aktor yang merupakan ancamannya pun bertambah, yakni aktor negara dan non-negara. Untuk melindungi negara maupun masyarakatnya dari ancaman, negara melakukan kerja sama intelijen internasional untuk memberikan peringatan dini agar intensi serta pergerakan dapat diprediksi dan menghindari pendadakan strategis. Literatur mengenai kerja sama intelijen internasional ini cukup minim, jarang dibahas menggunakan lensa HI, dan penting untuk dijadikan bahan pembelajaran kasus masa lampau dan membantu menangani isu keamanan yang terus mengalami perkembangan. Untuk membantu hal ini, penulis mengumpulkan dan meninjau 72 literatur akademik dan mengkategorisasi berdasarkan metode tipologi yang mencakup (1) konseptualisasi, (2) kerja sama intelijen internasional dalam menangani isu keamanan tradisional, dan (3) kerja sama intelijen internasional dalam menangani isu non-keamanan tradisional. Tinjauan literatur ini juga memberikan konsensus, perdebatan, dan refleksi mengenai kesenjangan. Refleksi tersebut dibuat berdasarkan konteks historis, sebaran area kajian, persebaran latar belakang, sudut pandang berdasarkan profesi terhadap konsensus dan perdebatan, pemetaan rujukan literatur, persebaran jenis jurnal, persebaran pendekatan literatur, dan sudut pandang penulis.

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International relations studies interactions between state and non-state actors across borders and discussion is conducted in various domains. One of the domains of IR studies is security studies. International relations security studies experienced development after the Cold War. Changes in the definition and concept of security occurred which previously only concerned with the security of the state and now extended to the security of society. The number of actors that pose security threats also increases, extended to non-state actors. To protect the country and its people from threats, countries conducted intelligence cooperation to provide early warnings so that intentions and movements of the opposition can be predicted and avoid strategic surprise. The literature on intelligence cooperation is quite minimal, rarely discussed using an IR lense, important learning material regarding past cases and help to deal with security issues now and future. In this regard, author collected and reviewed 72 academic literature and categorized them based on tipological methods which include (1) conceptualization, (2) intelligence cooperation in dealing with traditional security issues, and (3) international intelligence cooperation in dealing with non-traditional security. This literature review also provides consensus, debate, and reflection regarding gaps. This reflection is based on historical context, distribution of study areas, distribution of author’s background, professional perspectives to the consensus and debate, mapping of literature citation, distribution of journal types, distribution of literature approaches, and author's point of view.