World Health Organization memperkirakan bahwa 50% lebih dari seluruh obat di dunia dijual, diberikan, atau diresepkan dengan cara yang tidak tepat. Berdasarkan data Kementerian Kesehatan tahun 2019, Penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) non pneumonia dan diare non spesifik di puskesmas Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah masih melewati batas toleransi yang telah ditetapkan yaitu 38,52% dan 24,92%. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional dapat menjadi faktor penyebab timbulnya resistensi antibiotik dan hilangnya efektivitas antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien ISPA non pneumonia dan diare non spesifik. Pengambilan data secara retrospektif menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan subjek penelitian pasien ISPA non pneumonia dan diare non spesifik di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kramat Jati selama periode 1 April – 30 Juni 2023. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan yang berjumlah 126 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien ISPA non pneumonia dan diare non spesifik di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kramat Jati memenuhi standar POR Nasional (<8% diare, <14% ISPA non pneumonia). Namun, rerata item obat tiap lembar resep pada pasien ISPA non pneumonia dan diare non spesifik tidak memenuhi standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan (<2,6 item obat) dan Wold Health Organization (1,8 – 2,2 item obat per satu resep).

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The World Health Organization estimates that more than 50% of all medicines worldwide are sold, administered, or prescribed inappropriately. According to data from the Ministry of Health in 2019, the use of antibiotics among patients with non-pneumonic Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) and non-specific diarrhea in health centers in Central Kalimantan Province still exceeds the established tolerance limits, specifically 38.52% and 24.92% respectively. The irrational use of antibiotics can contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and a decline in their effectiveness. This study aims to evaluate antibiotic usage in patients with non-pneumonic ARI and non-specific diarrhea. Retrospective data collection utilized a cross-sectional design, with research subjects comprising patients with these conditions at the Kramat Jati District Health Center between April 1 and June 30, 2023. The study sample included 126 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicated that antibiotic usage among patients with non-pneumonic ARI and non-specific diarrhea at the Kramat Jati District Health Center complied with the National POR standards (<8% for diarrhea, <14% for non-pneumonic ARI). However, the average number of drug items per prescription for patients with non-pneumonic ARI and non-specific diarrhea did not meet the standards established by the Ministry of Health (<2.6 drug items) and the World Health Organization (1.8 – 2.2 drug items).