Latar BelakangKeterlambatan bicara adalah kondisi di mana perkembangan bicara anak tertinggal dibanding anak seusianya. Proporsi globalnya bervariasi dari 2,3% hingga 19%. Gangguan pendengaran sering menjadi penyebab utama, namun faktor lain juga berperan. Penelitian mengenai proporsi dan faktor yang memengaruhi keterlambatan bicara dengan ambang pendengaran normal masih terbatas sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai proporsi keterlambatan bicara dengan ambang pendengaran normal.MetodePenelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional deskriptif cross-sectional untuk menilai proporsi keterlambatan bicara dengan ambang pendengaran normal pada anak usia 12-35 bulan di Poli THT RSCM periode Januari 2022-April 2024. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode whole sampling dari rekam medis pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan diagnosis terlambat bicara dan ambang pendengaran normal (<25 dB) berdasarkan pemeriksaan BERA click. Data dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS versi 26.HasilDari 881 anak 12-35 bulan yang datang ke Poli THT RSCM pada Januari 2022 – April 2024, didapatkan 96 anak (10,9%) terlambat bicara dengan ambang pendengaran normal sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Dari 96 anak, didapatkan 74 anak (77,1%) laki-laki, 12 anak (12,5%) berat badan lahir rendah, 4 anak (4,2%) sumbing bibir/langit-langit, 15 anak (15,6%) prematuritas, 68 anak (70,8%) gangguan motorik, 6 anak (6,3%) hipotiroid kongenital, 14 anak (14,6%) sindrom, 13 anak (13,5%) autisme, dan 29 anak (30,2%) hiperbilirubinemia.KesimpulanKarakteristik dan faktor yang paling banyak ditemukan pada anak 12-35 bulan yang terlambat bicara dengan ambang pendengaran normal di Poli THT RSCM periode Januari 2022 – April 2024 adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki dan gangguan motorik.

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Introduction

Speech delay is a condition where a child's speech development lags behind that of their peers. The global prevalence ranges from 2.3% to 19%. Hearing impairment is often a primary cause, but other factors also contribute. Research on the proportion and factors influencing speech delay in children with normal hearing thresholds is still limited, prompting this study to assess the proportion of speech delay in children with normal hearing.

Method

This study employs a descriptive observational cross-sectional design to evaluate the prevalence of speech delay in children aged 12-35 months with normal hearing thresholds at the ENT Polyclinic of RSCM from January 2022 to April 2024. Samples were selected using whole sampling from medical records of patients who met the inclusion criteria, which are diagnosed with speech delay and normal hearing threshold (<25 dB) based on BERA Click examination. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results

Among 881 children aged 1-2 years visiting the ENT Polyclinic of RSCM from January 2022 to April 2024, 96 children (10.9%) were identified as having speech delay with normal hearing according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these 96 children, 74 (77.1%) were male, 12 (12.5%) had low birth weight, 4 (4.2%) had a cleft lip/palate, 15 (15.6%) were premature, 68 (70.8%) had motor disorders, 6 (6.3%) had congenital hypothyroidism, 14 (14.6%) had syndromes, 13 (13.5%) had autism, and 29 (30.2%) had hyperbilirubinemia.

Conclusion

The most common characteristics and factors found in children aged 12-35 months with speech delay and normal hearing at the ENT Polyclinic of RSCM between January 2022 and April 2024 are male and motor disorders.