Latar Belakang: Pneumonia merupakan penyakit menular pada saluran pernapasan termasuk tiga besar penyakit penyebab mortalitas balita Indonesia pada 2019—2022. Kota Tangerang, bagian Provinsi Banten yang termasuk peringkat tiga nasional penemuan pneumonia balita tahun 2022, melaporkan 5247 kasus pneumonia balita di tahun yang sama berdasarkan Profil Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan cakupan rumah sehat, status gizi kurang, BBLR, pemberian ASI eksklusif, dan kepadatan penduduk terhadap pneumonia balita di Kota Tangerang tahun 2022. Metode: Studi ekologi dengan unit analisis 13 kecamatan. Data bulanan dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat (Korelasi Pearson dan Korelasi Spearman), dan multivariat (Regresi Linear Berganda). Hasil: Cakupan rumah sehat berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian pneumonia balita di 2 kecamatan, yaitu Karang Tengah (p-value = 0,036) dengan korelasi kuat negatif (r = -0,607) dan Batuceper (p-value = 0,013) dengan korelasi kuat positif (ρ = 0,689). Pemberian ASI eksklusif berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian pneumonia balita di Kecamatan Tangerang (p-value = 0,028) dengan korelasi kuat negatif (r = -0,629). Kepadatan penduduk berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian pneumonia balita 2 kecamatan, yaitu Karawaci (p-value = 0,045) dengan korelasi kuat positif (r = 0,586) dan Periuk (p-value = 0,015) dengan korelasi kuat positif (ρ = 0,681). Sementara itu, variabel yang tidak berhubungan signifikan (p-value >0,05) dengan kejadian pneumonia balita di seluruh kecamatan adalah status gizi kurang dan BBLR. Pengaruh terbesar kejadian pneumonia balita adalah cakupan rumah sehat di 2 kecamatan (Cipondoh dan Tangerang), status gizi kurang di 7 kecamatan (Ciledug, Karang Tengah, Pinang, Jatiuwung, Cibodas, Periuk, dan Batuceper), BBLR di 3 kecamatan (Larangan, Karawaci, dan Benda), dan kepadatan penduduk di Kecamatan Neglasari. Kesimpulan: Beberapa variabel berhubungan signifikan dan berkorelasi kuat dengan kejadian pneumonia balita, yakni cakupan rumah sehat di Karang Tengah (r = -0,607) dan Batuceper (ρ = 0,689), pemberian ASI eksklusif di Kecamatan Tangerang (r = -0,629), dan kepadatan penduduk di Karawaci (r = 0,586) dan Periuk (ρ = 0,681).

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Background: Pneumonia is an infectious respiratory disease and ranks among the top three causes of under-five mortality in Indonesia from 2019—2022. Tangerang City (part of Banten Province that ranked third nationally in under-five pneumonia cases in 2022) reported 5247 pneumonia cases on Profil Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang’s publication.

Objective: To examine the relationship between healthy house coverage, wasting, low birth weight (LBW), exclusive breastfeeding, and population density with under-five pneumonia in Tangerang City in 2022.

Methods: An ecological study was conducted, with the unit of analysis consisting of 13 sub-districts. Monthly data were analyzed through univariate, bivariate (Pearson and Spearman Correlation), and multivariate analyses (Multiple Linear Regression).

Results: Healthy house coverage was significantly associated with under-five pneumonia in 2 sub-districts, namely Karang Tengah (p-value = 0,036) with strong and negative correlation (r = -0,607) and Batuceper (p-value = 0,013) with strong and positive correlation (ρ = 0,689). Exclusive breastfeeding was significantly associated with under-five pneumonia in Tangerang sub-district (pvalue = 0,028) with strong and negative correlation (r = -0,629). Population density was significantly associated with under-five pneumonia in 2 sub-districts, namely Karawaci (p-value = 0,045) with strong and positive correlation (r = 0,586) and Periuk (p-value = 0,015) with strong and positive correlation (ρ = 0,681). Meanwhile, variables that were not significantly associated were wasting and LBW. The most significant influences on under-five pneumonia were healthy house coverage in 2 sub-districts (Cipondoh and Tangerang), wasting in 7 sub-districts (Ciledug, Karang Tengah, Pinang, Jatiuwung, Cibodas, Periuk, and Batuceper), LBW in 3 sub-districts (Larangan, Karawaci, and Benda), and population density in Neglasari sub-district.

Conclusion: Several variables were significantly related and strongly correlated with under-five pneumonia, namely healthy house coverage in Karang Tengah (r = -0,607) and Batuceper (ρ = 0,689), exclusive breastfeeding in Tangerang sub-district (r = -0,629), and population density in Karawaci (r = 0,586) and Periuk (ρ = 0,681).