Latar Belakang: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) merupakan masalah umum kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang mempengaruhi anak-anak secara global, tidak terkecuali Indonesia. ECC merupakan penyakit yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Salah satu faktor yang diasosiasikan dengan kejadian ECC adalah praktik kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara praktik kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan kejadian Early Childhood Caries (ECC) di Kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur. Metode: Cross-sectional pada 447 anak berusia 6–36 bulan, kuesioner tervalidasi, pemeriksaan klinis karies gigi menggunakan indeks dmf-t dan pemeriksaan plak menggunakan Silness-Löe Plaque Index oleh dokter gigi yang telah dikalibrasi. Hasil: Prevalensi ECC pada 447 anak adalah 53,9%. Terdapat korelasi positif antara waktu membersihkan gigi (p=0,001 ; r=0,2), supervisi orang tua dalam membersihkan gigi (p=0,01; r=0,139), dan usia mulai membersihkan gigi (p=0,001 ; r=0,301) terhadap skor dmf-t. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara alat membersihkan gigi (p=0,001 ; r=-0,156) dan bahan membersihkan gigi (p=0,003 ; r=-0,161) terhadap skor dmf-t. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara frekuensi membersihkan gigi (p=0,084) dan durasi membersihkan gigi (p=0,689) terhadap kejadian ECC. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara status sosioekonomi (p=0,113) terhadap kejadian ECC. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara waktu, alat, bahan, supervisi orang tua, dan usia mulai membersihkan gigi dengan kejadian ECC.

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Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a common oral health problem that affects children globally, including Indonesia. ECC is a disease that is influenced by various factors. One of the factors associated with the occurrence of ECC is oral hygiene practices. Objective: The study aimed to determine the relationship between oral hygiene practices and the incidence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in Jatinegara, East Jakarta. Method: Cross-sectional in 447 children aged 6–36 months, validated questionnaire, clinical examination of dental caries using the dmf-t index and plaque examination using the Silness-Löe Plaque Index by calibrated dentists. Results: The prevalence of ECC in 447 children was 53.9%. There was a positive correlation between the time of brushing teeth (p=0,001; r=0,2), parental supervision in brushing teeth (p=0,01; r=0,139), and the age of starting to brush teeth (p=0,001; r=0,301) with the dmf-t score. There was a negative correlation between the type of cleaning tool used (p=0,001; r=-0,156) and the material used (p=0,003; r=-0,161) with the dmf-t score. There was no significant difference between the frequency of brushing teeth (p=0,084) and the duration of brushing teeth (p=0,689) on the incidence of ECC. There was no significant difference between socioeconomic status (p=0,113) on the incidence of ECC. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between time, type of cleaning tool, materials, parental supervision, and age of starting to brush teeth with the occurrence of ECC.