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"The results presented in this book are a product of research conducted by the author independently and in collaboration with other researchers in the field. In this light, this work encompasses the most recent collection of various concepts of regularity and nonsmooth analysis into one monograph. The first part of the book attempts to present an accessible and thorough introduction to nonsmooth analysis theory. Main concepts and some useful results are stated and illustrated through examples and exercises. The second part gathers the most prominent and recent results of various regularity concepts of sets, functions, and set-valued mappings in nonsmooth analysis. The third and final section contains six different application, with comments in relation to the existing literature."

"This book deals with nonsmooth structures arising within the optimization setting. It considers four optimization problems, namely, mathematical programs with complementarity constraints, general semi-infinite programming problems, mathematical programs with vanishing constraints and bilevel optimization. The author uses the topological approach and topological invariants of corresponding feasible sets are investigated. Moreover, the critical point theory in the sense of Morse is presented and parametric and stability issues are considered. The material progresses systematically and establishes a comprehensive theory for a rather broad class of optimization problems tailored to their particular type of nonsmoothness."

"This self-contained monograph presents a new stochastic approach to global optimization problems arising in a variety of disciplines including mathematics, operations research, engineering, and economics. The volume deals with constrained and unconstrained problems and puts a special emphasis on large scale problems. It also introduces a new unified concept for unconstrained, constrained, vector, and stochastic global optimization problems. All methods presented are illustrated by various examples. Practical numerical algorithms are given and analyzed in detail. The topics presented include the randomized curve of steepest descent, the randomized curve of dominated points, the semi-implicit Euler method, the penalty approach, and active set strategies. The optimal decoding of block codes in digital communications is worked out as a case study and shows the potential and high practical relevance of this new approach."

"The book contains an expanded version of three series of lectures delivered by the authors at the CRM in July 2009. The first part is a self-contained course on the general moment problem and its relations with semidefinite programming. The second part is dedicated to the problem of determination of Nash equilibria from an algorithmic viewpoint. The last part presents congestion models for traffic networks and develops modern optimization techniques for finding traffic equilibria based on stochastic optimization and game theory."

"Abu batu bara (fly ash) merupakan limbah dari hasil pembakaran batubara pada PLTU yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam paduan aluminium. Pada penelitian ini dibuat paduan aluminium dengan fly ash yang menggunakan metode metallurgi serbuk. Serbuk aluminium berbentuk tidak beraturan dan ukuran partikel yang homogen sedangkan serbuk fly ash diperoleh dari PLTU Bukit Asam dengan ukuran partikel = 50 m. Serbuk aluminium dicampur dengan berat fraksi fly ash sebesar 5% selama 1 jam kemudian dipadatkan dengan tekanan pemadatan (kompaksi) 139 N/mm 2 dan 275 N/mm2 menggunakan metode cold isostatic pressing. Green body yang dihasilkan disinter dengan suhu 550oC dan waktupenahanan suhu (holding time) 60 dan 180 menit. Metode eksperimen desain faktorial 2 level dengan bantuan perangkat lunak design-expert® digunakan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh serta kondisi optimum dari kekerasan brinell, kuat tekan dan densitas paduan aluminium-5% fly ash. Hasil dari analisa data eksperimen menggunakan ANOVA didapat bahwa faktor kompaksi dan holding time mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap kekerasan,kuat tekan serta densitas paduan aluminium-5% fly ash."

"This book presents a carefully selected group of methods for unconstrained and bound constrained optimization problems and analyzes them in depth both theoretically and algorithmically. It focuses on clarity in algorithmic description and analysis rather than generality, and while it provides pointers to the literature for the most general theoretical results and robust software, the author thinks it is more important that readers have a complete understanding of special cases that convey essential ideas. A companion to Kelley book, Iterative Methods for Linear and Nonlinear Equations (SIAM, 1995), this book contains many exercises and examples and can be used as a text, a tutorial for self-study, or a reference. Iterative Methods for Optimization does more than cover traditional gradient-based optimization: it is the first book to treat sampling methods, including the Hookeeeves, implicit filtering, MDS, and Nelderead schemes in a unified way, and also the first book to make connections between sampling methods and the traditional gradient-methods. Each of the main algorithms in the text is described in pseudocode, and a collection of MATLAB codes is available. Thus, readers can experiment with the algorithms in an easy way as well as implement them in other languages."

"A reprint of the original volume, which won the Lanchester Prize awarded by the Operations Research Society of America for the best work of 1968. Although out of print for nearly 15 years, it remains one of the most referenced volumes in the field of mathematical programming. Recent interest in interior point methods generated by Karmarkar's Projective Scaling Algorithm has created a new demand for this book because the methods that have followed from Karmarkar's bear a close resemblance to those described. There is no other source for the theoretical background of the logarithmic barrier function and other classical penalty functions. Analyzes in detail the "central" or "dual" trajectory used by modern path following and primal/dual methods for convex and general linear programming. As researchers begin to extend these methods to convex and general nonlinear programming problems, this book will become indispensable to them."

"This book has become the standard for a complete, state-of-the-art description of the methods for unconstrained optimization and systems of nonlinear equations. Originally published in 1983, it provides information needed to understand both the theory and the practice of these methods and provides pseudocode for the problems. The algorithms covered are all based on Newton's method or "quasi-Newton" methods, and the heart of the book is the material on computational methods for multidimensional unconstrained optimization and nonlinear equation problems. The republication of this book by SIAM is driven by a continuing demand for specific and sound advice on how to solve real problems."

"Pergerakan respirasi saat treatment radioterapi tumor dalam toraks seperti pada kasus Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) merupakan salah satu hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam keakurasian dosis. Pergerakan tersebut menghasilkan ketidakpastian posisi target pada saat treatment radiasi yang dapat mengakibatkan adanya kekurangan dosis akibat adanya dose blurring dan interplay effect. Penelitian terdahulu membuktikan bahwa penambahan margin internal pada PTV dapat mengurangi perbedaan dosis perencanaan dengan dosis terukur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh metode optimasi robust yang memperhitungkan ketidakpastian posisi relatif terhadap volume target dalam perencanaan radioterapi dan perbandingannya dengan metode konvensional yang dilakukan pada fantom toraks dinamik in-house. Penggunaan metode ini meningkatkan nilai konformitas dosis pada teknik IMRT dan VMAT, meningkatkan uniformitas dosis pada teknik VMAT, namun mengurangi kecuraman dosis fall-off perencanaan. Metode ini meningkatkan nilai dosis target pada perencanaan IMRT konvensional dari rerata 199,63 cGy menjadi 200,43; 206,26; dan 204,20 cGy untuk ketidakpastian 5 mm, 10 mm, dan 15 mm, tetapi menurunkan dosis target pada perencanaan VMAT konvensional dari rerata 201,59 cGy menjadi 198,84; 199,05; dan 199,06 cGy untuk ketidakpastian 5 mm, 10 mm, dan 15 mm. Metode ini juga meningkatkan dosis OAR di area terdekat target dan menurunkan dosis di area lainnya pada teknik IMRT, namun hampir seluruh area OAR mendapatkan peningkatan dosis pada teknik VMAT.

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Respiration movement, when treating radiotherapy to the tumor in the thorax, such in the case of NSCLC, is one of the challenges of dose accuracy. The target movement during radiation treatment causes dose blurring and interplay effects. A previous study proved that internal margins on PTV reduce the differences between plan and measured doses. This study aims to observe the effect of robust optimization, which provide uncertainty of target volume position on photon planning. We compared the robust with a conventional method on the in-house thorax dynamic phantom. This method enhanced the dose conformity index in the IMRT and VMAT techniques and the dose uniformity in the VMAT technique. However, robust planning reduces the steepness of the dose in both IMRT and VMAT. The average target dose of IMRT technique was increased from 199.63 cGy in conventional planning to 200.43; 206.26; and 204.20 cGy for planning with an uncertainty of 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm. On the other hand, the average target dose was reduced from 201.59 cGy in conventional planning to 198.84; 199.05; and 199.06 cGy with an uncertainty of 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm for VMAT techniques, respectively. We found that the robust plan delivered a higher dose at OAR near the target than the conventional plan, but the dose is lower in the other areas on the IMRT technique. For VMAT, most of the OAR achieved a higher dose on a robust photon plan."