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"Summary:A wonderfully written, beautifully illustrated guide to the behaviour and body language of the world's most fascinating and watchable animals"

"Hubungan yang tercipta antara hewan dengan manusia pada saat ini cenderung bertujuan untuk menciptakan rasa saling memahami, perasaan senang, dan persahabatan. Meskipun demikian, rasa sayang tersebut belum tentu memberikan manfaat bagi hewan itu sendiri, seperti halnya ketika X memanfaatkan hewan eksotis yang dipeliharanya untuk tujuan komersial demi mendapatkan keuntungan, yakni dengan cara mengunggah video yang mengandung unsur kelucuan, keindahan, keunikan, dan kesenangan ke media sosial Youtube. Namun, pada kenyataannya tindakan X yang pada awalnya bertujuan untuk menyelamatkan hewan eksotis dari kepunahan karena rusaknya alam liar dan maraknya perburuan, malah menjadi paradoks kejahatan lingkungan. Tulisan ini berfokus pada konten visual yang diunggah oleh X di media sosial YouTube selama tahun 2021. Kerangka pemikiran dan analisis pada tulisan ini dipayungi oleh pemikiran Goyes (2019) mengenai Southern Green Criminology, kemudian dijelaskan lebih lanjut melalui animal welfare dalam beberapa hal, yakni 1) kontrol reproduksi; 2) sifat buatan manusia; 3) perasaan afektif; 4) fungsi biologis; dan 5) fungsi alami, kriminologi visual untuk melihat visualisasi yang ditawarkan dalam konten X, dan menggunakan metode content analysis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya sentimen publik sehingga menciptakan paradoks kejahatan lingkungan, khususnya terkait pemeliharaan hewan eksotis. 

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The relationship that was created between animals and humans at this time tends to aim to make sense of mutual understanding, feelings of pleasure, and friendship. However, this affection does not necessarily benefit the animals themselves, as is the case when X uses the exotic animals it keeps for commercial purposes for profit, namely by uploading videos that contain elements of cuteness, beauty, uniqueness, and fun to social media. YouTube. However, in reality, X's actions which initially aimed to save exotic animals from extinction due to the destruction of the wild and rampant hunting, have become a paradox of environmental crimes. This paper focuses on visual content uploaded by X on YouTube social media during 2021. The framework and analysis in this paper overshadowed by Goyes' (2019) thoughts on Southern Green Criminology, then explained further through animal welfare in several ways, namely 1 ) reproductive control; 2) human control; 3) affective feelings; 4) biological function; and 5) natural functions, as well as visual criminology to see the visualizations offered in X content, and using the content analysis method. The results of this study indicate the existence of public sentiment that creates a paradox of environmental crimes, especially related to the maintenance of exotic animal."

"The last decade has witnessed remarkable discoveries and advances in our understanding of the tool using behaviour of animals. Wild populations of capuchin monkeys have been observed to crack open nuts with stone tools, similar to the skills of chimpanzees and humans. Corvids have been observed to use and make tools that rival in complexity the behaviours exhibited by the great apes. Excavations of the nut cracking sites of chimpanzees have been dated to around 4-5 thousand years ago. Tool Use in Animals collates these and many more contributions by leading scholars in psychology, biology and anthropology, along with supplementary online materials, into a comprehensive assessment of the cognitive abilities and environmental forces shaping these behaviours in taxa as distantly related as primates and corvids."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sosial demografi yang mempengaruhi pola permintaan pangan hewani (ikan, daging, unggas, telur dan susu) dan pengaruh perubahan harga dan pendapatan terhadap proporsi pengeluaran pangan hewani pada rumah tangga di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2013 dengan melakukan analisis terhadap 13.018 sampel rumah tangga. Metode analisis adalah analisis deskriptif serta analisis ekonometrika menggunakan model Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) dengan penduga Iterated Linear Least Square (ILLS).Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi pangan hewani dipengaruhi oleh harga sendiri, harga komoditas lain, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, golongan pendapatan, wilayah tempat tinggal (perdesaan/ perkotaan), dan tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga. Nilai elastisitas harga sendiri menunjukkan permintaan komoditas bersifat inelastis untuk ikan dan susu, sementara daging, unggas dan telur bersifat elastis. Berdasarkan nilai elastisitas harga silang, semua komoditi pangan hewani merupakan barang substitusi kecuali komoditi daging merupakan barang komplementer bagi unggas. Komoditi ikan dan telur termasuk barang normal sedangkan komoditi daging, unggas dan susu termasuk barang mewah.

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The study was conducted to determine the socio-demographic factors affecting animal-based food demand (fish, meat, poultry, eggs and dairy) and the effect of price fluctuation and household income to expenditure share of animal-based food in South Sulawesi Province. The primary data for the study was National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) data in 2013. The study performed descriptive analysis and econometric analysis on 13.018 household samples. Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) models with Iterated Linear Least Square (ILLS) estimator was applied for the econometric analysis.The study showed demand pattern of animal-based household food was affected the price of animal-based food, the price of other commodities, number of household member, income class, residential area (urban/rural), and education level of the household head. The price elasticity of animal-based food showed inelastic for fish and dairy; whereas meat, poultry and egg were tended to be elastic. Based on the cross-price elasticity, all animal-based food commodities substituted each other except for meat which was complimentary to poultry. Fish and egg were categorized as necessity goods, as for meat, poultry and dairy are categorized as luxury goods."