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"The many faces of youth crime is based on analysis of the merged data set and has a number of unique features. The analyses are based on an unusually large number of respondents (about 67,000 7th, 8th and 9th graders) collected by researchers from 31 countries. It includes reports on the characteristics, experiences and behaviour of first and second generation migrant youth from a variety of cultures. It is one of the first large-scale international studies asking 12-16 year olds about their victimization experiences (bullying, assault, robbery, theft). It describes both intriguing differences between young people from different countries and country clusters in the nature and extent of delinquency, victimization and substance use, as well as remarkable cross-national uniformities in delinquency, victimization, and substance use patterns. A careful comparative analysis of the social responses to offending and victimization adds to our limited knowledge on this important issue. Detailed chapters on the family, school, neighbourhood, lifestyle and peers provide a rich comparative description of these institutions and their impact on delinquency. It tests a number of theoretical perspectives (social control, self-control, social disorganization, routine activities/opportunity theory) on a large international sample from a variety of national contexts. It combines a theoretical focus with a thoughtful consideration of the policy implications of the findings. An extensive discussion of the ISRD methodology of 'flexible standardization' details the challenges of comparative research. "

"ABSTRAKPenulisan ini dibuat untuk menjabarkan praktik-praktik diversi yang ada di Indonesia dan di beberapa negara. Tidak hanya menjabarkan, tetapi praktikpraktik diversi tersebut dikerangkai dengan menggunakan pemikiran Peacemaking Criminology. Praktik yang telah didapatkan dikritisi dengan indikator diversi dan the best interest of child yang ideal berdasarkan kajian literatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif untuk mengkaji praktik-praktik diversi. Hasil dari penulisan ini bahwa Indonesia masih sangat buruk kualitasnya dalam hal penerapan diversi. Berdasarkan data sekunder yang didapat, negara-negara yang terbaik berdasarkan kajian ini adalah Amerika, Australia, Filipina dan New Zealand karena memenuhi indikator tersebut.

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ABSTRACT

This paper made to describe the diversion practices in Indonesia and in several countries. Not only to explain, but the diversion practices framed by using Peacemaking Criminology?s thought. Practices that have been obtained criticized with the diversion and the best interest of the child indicator that is ideal based on a literature review. The method is qualitative analysis to examine the practices of diversion. Results of this paper that the quality of Indonesia still very poor in terms of the application of diversion. Based on secondary data, the best countries based on this study is America, Australia, Philippines and New Zealand because match with the ideal indicators."

"Fenomena peradilan sesat adalah ketika seorang terduga pelaku kejahatan mengalami penuntutan, penghukuman, dan penahanan karena kejahatan yang tidak dilakukan merupakan permasalahan hukum dan sosial yang terjadi dalam sistem peradilan pidana, juga menjadi permasalahan sistemik yang dapat merusak integritas dan legitimasi proses peradilan pidana. Sebagai bagian dari objek studi kriminologi, penulisan ini bertujuan ingin melihat bagaimana manifestasi fenomena peradilan sesat dalam sistem peradilan pidana dengan menggunakan deskripsi 2 kasus yang berbeda yaitu kasus YT dan YM serta menguraikan faktor-faktor penyebab peradilan sesat pada 2 kasus tersebut berdasarkan indikator dari Bohm (2005), Naughton (2007), Colvin (2009), serta Poyser dan Milne (2011). Tidak hanya itu, juga menganalisis menggunakan pembahasan peradilan sesat oleh Forst (2004) perihal error of due process dan mengaitkan fenomena tersebut dengan perspective of justice sistem peradilan pidana yaitu due process model. Melalui analisis dengan pendekatan tersebut menggunakan data sekunder putusan pengadilan dan dokumen pendukung kasus YT dan YM, ditemukan bahwa fenomena peradilan sesat pada kasus YT dan YM memiliki kesamaan dalam faktor penyebab terjadinya peradilan sesat pada kasus mereka dan faktor yang sangat berkontribusi besar berasal dari penyelewengan pada penyidikan Kepolisian, yang pada akhirnya memengaruhi proses peradilan pidana selanjutnya. Dan fenomena tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai bentuk pelanggaran due process model yang bersifat due process prosedural yang juga mencakup pelanggaran hak asasi manusia pada aspek hak fair trial serta dalam kajian lingkup sosiologi hukum manifestasi dari pengingkaran moralitas praktisi hukum pada pemikiran Durkheim, ketidakrasionalan hukum modern Weber, dan kesadaran hukum yang palsu pada pemikiran Peters.

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The phenomenon of Miscarriage of Justice is when a suspected criminal experiences prosecution, punishment, and detention because a crime that was not committed is a legal and social problem that occurs in the criminal justice system, it is also a systemic problem that can damage the integrity and legitimacy of the criminal justice process. As part of the object criminology studies, this paper aims to see how the manifestation of the phenomenon Miscarriage of Justice in the criminal justice system uses descriptions of 2 different cases, namely YT and YM cases, and describes the factors causing Miscarriage of Justice in these 2 cases based on indicators from Bohm (2005), Naughton (2007), Colvin (2009), and Poyser and Milne (2011). It also analyzes using the Miscarriage of Justice discussion by Forst (2004) regarding error of due process and associates this phenomenon with a perspective of justice in the criminal justice system, namely the due process model. Through analysis with this approach, using Court Decision and supporting documents as secondary data, it was found that the phenomenon of Miscarriage of Justice in YT and YM cases has similarities in the factors causing Miscarriage of Justice in their cases and the most contributing factor comes from investigation misconduct by the Police, which ultimately affects the subsequent criminal justice process. And this phenomenon can be said as a form of the due process model violation criminal justice system, which is due process procedural that also includes human rights violations in fair trial rights. In the study of the sociology of law, the manifestation of denial of the morality of legal practitioners in Durkheim’s thought, the irrationality of Weber’s modern law, and the false awareness of law in Peters’ thought."