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"Mikroalga memiliki potensi tinggi untuk digunakan sebagai sumber biodiesel. Selain membutuhkan lahan dan air yang rendah, mikroalga memiliki produktivitas dan persentase lipid yang tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan generasi biodiesel sebelumnya.  Biomassa yang dihasilkan oleh mikroalga juga mempunyai nilai multifungsi menjadi obat, kosmetik, sumber pakan hewan. Synechococcus HS-9 dapat menjadi sumber biomassa yang menjanjikan karena memiliki kadar lipid yang tinggi. Komponen hidrodinamika fotobioreaktor sebagai wadah kultivasi Synechococcus HS-9 akan disimulasikan pada software ANSYS 18.2. Simulasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui aliran udara, air dan pencampuran yang terjadi. Hasil simulasi akan dioptimasi dengan Artificial Neural Network dan Genetic Algorithm agar didapatkan parameter hidrodinamika yang optimum. Melalui optimasi didapatkan nilai target turbulance eddy dissipation 3,198 m2/s3 dan viskositas eddy 0,184 Pa s. Nilai target tersebut akan dicapai pada kecepatan air 0,115 m/s, kecepatan udara 0,149 m/s, massa jenis 576,581 kg/m3, turbulance kinetic energy 0,021 m2/s2. Analisa Life Cycle Assesment yang dilakukan pada proses kultivasi dan panen menunjukan emisi terbesar pada marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential sebesar 4,09x105 kg DCB eq dengan isu penting terdapat pada penggunaan listrik PLN. 

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Microalgae have a high potential to be used as a source of biodiesel. In addition to requiring low land and water, microalgae have a high productivity and lipid percentage compared to the previous generation of biodiesel. Biomass produced by microalgae also has multifunctional value as medicine, cosmetics, and animal feed sources. Synechococcus HS-9 can be a promising source of biomass because it has high lipid content. The hydrodynamic components of the photobioreactor, as a container for the cultivation of Synechococcus HS-9, will be simulated in ANSYS 18.2. Simulations are carried out to determine the flow of air, water, and mixing. The simulation results optimized with Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm to obtain optimum hydrodynamic parameters. Through optimization, the target value of turbulence eddy dissipation is 3,198 m2/s3, and the eddy viscosity is 0,184 Pa s. The target value will be achieved at water velocity 0,115 m/s, air velocity 0,149 m/s, density 576,581 kg/m3, turbulence kinetic energy 0,021 m2/s2. Life Cycle Assessment analysis on the cultivation and harvesting process shows the largest emission in marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential of 4.09x105 kg DCB eq with a hotspot in the use of PLN electricity."

"Tujuan Menunjukkan adanya A. anitratus pada isolat klinik (darah) yang berasal dari pasien rawat di rumah sakit di Jakarta selama periode 2002-2008 dan pola sensitivitas mikroorganisme ini terhadap antibiotika. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif dari semua spesimen darah yang masuk ke laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (LMK-FKUI) dari tahun 2002-2008. Kultur dan pemeriksaan kepekaan terhadap antibiotik dilakukan berdasarkan praktek standar di LMK-FKUI dan Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute pada tahun yang bersangkutan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan program WHO-NET 5.4. Semua mikroorganisme Gram negative yang diisolasi dari spesimen darah ditabulasi juga termasuk dengan uji kepekaan A. anitratus terhadap antibiotik. Selain itu juga dilakukan analisis terhadap asal spesimen atau dari institusi mana spesimen tersebut berasal. Hasil A. anitratus merupakan bakteri Gram negatif yang paling banyak diisolasi selama tujuh tahun sejak 2002 sampai 2008 dari spesimen darah, dan selalu ditemukan setiap tahunnya. Hampir 50% bakteri yang diisolasi terdiri dari bakteri tersebut dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan keduanya adalah bakteri lingkungan. Pemeriksaan kepekaan bakteri A. anitratus terhadap antibiotik menunjukkan adanya resistensi terhadap beberapa antibiotik yang diuji. Evaluasi asal spesimen darah menunjukan sebagai berikut: 88 spesimen (74%) berasal dari Rumah Sakit pemerintah, 18 spesimen (15%) dari Rumah Sakit swasta, 3 spesimen (3%) dari pasien praktek dokter dan 10 spesimen (8%) tidak diketahui asalnya. Kesimpulan Ditemukan A.anitratus setiap tahun sejak 2002 sampai 2008 dari spesimen darah dari pasien rawat inap di beberapa Rumah Sakit di Jakarta. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mencari faktor resiko bakteremia A. anitratus agar dapat mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya infeksi rumah sakit. Selain itu sangat dianjurkan untuk melanjutkan sampai tahap genotyping untuk menentukan hubungan antara strain yang ada di Rumah Sakit dengan strain yang diisolasi dari pasien.

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AbstractAim To report the presence of environmental microorganisms, A. anitratus, in blood of hospitalized patients in Jakarta from 2002 to 2008 and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods A Retrospective study w as performed on all blood specimens that were received in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (CML) Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia during 2002-2008. Culture and antimicrobialsusceptibility examination were carried out according to up to date standard practice in CML and Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute, recpectively. Data was collected by WHONET 5.4 program. All Gram-negative microorganisms that were isolated from blood specimens were tabulated, and so the antibiotics susceptibility of A. anitratus. The origin of the specimens in term of institutions where the specimens came from was also analyzed. Results In a 7 year period up to 2008, A. anitratus was found in blood specimens, and these invironmental bacteria were in fact the most predominant isolated Gram negative microorganisms. Together with another environmental microorganism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it composed nearly 50%. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of this microorganism showed some degree of resistance to all tested antibiotics. The origin of those blood specimens which yielded A. anitratus were mainly from government-owned hospitals, that was 88 specimens (74%), followed by private hospitals (18 specimens, 15%), individuals (3 specimens, 3%), and unknown source (10 specimens, 8%). Conclusion Persistent occurrence of A. anitratus in blood specimens of hospitalized patients in hospitals in Jakarta was observed. In the near future, a study to fi nd risk factors for the acquisition of A. anitratus bacteremia is needed to reduce potential hospital associated infection. Moreover, genotyping is advised in order to determine the relationship of hospital and patient derived strains."

"[Environmental silicate nano-biocomposites focuses on nano-biocomposites, which are obtained by the association of silicates such as bioclays with biopolymers. By highlighting recent developments and findings, green and biodegradable nano-composites from both renewable and biodegradable polymers are explored. This includes coverage of potential markets such as packaging, agricultures, leisure and the fast food industry. The knowledge and experience of more than twenty international experts in diverse fields, from chemical and biochemical engineering to applications, is brought together in four different sections covering : biodegradable polymers and silicates, clay/polyesters nano-biocomposites, clay/agropolymers nano-biocomposites, and Applications and biodegradation of nano-biocomposites. By exploring the relationships between the biopolymer structures, the processes, and the final properties Environmental silicate nano-biocomposites explains how to design nano-materials to develop new, valuable, environmentally friendly properties and uses. , Environmental silicate nano-biocomposites focuses on nano-biocomposites, which are obtained by the association of silicates such as bioclays with biopolymers. By highlighting recent developments and findings, green and biodegradable nano-composites from both renewable and biodegradable polymers are explored. This includes coverage of potential markets such as packaging, agricultures, leisure and the fast food industry. The knowledge and experience of more than twenty international experts in diverse fields, from chemical and biochemical engineering to applications, is brought together in four different sections covering : biodegradable polymers and silicates, clay/polyesters nano-biocomposites, clay/agropolymers nano-biocomposites, and Applications and biodegradation of nano-biocomposites. By exploring the relationships between the biopolymer structures, the processes, and the final properties Environmental silicate nano-biocomposites explains how to design nano-materials to develop new, valuable, environmentally friendly properties and uses. ]"

"Genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops transformed global agriculture since their commercial release in the mid-1990s. GM crops are the product of genetically engineered seeds that are resistant to herbicides and insects. The United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina account for 80% of the global area planted with GM crops. Based on a decade of research (2003-2013), this book investigates the ways in which peasants and rural populations resist but also negotiate the socioenvironmental consequences of GM soybeans in Argentina. The Argentine government authorized the use of GM, herbicide-resistant soybean seeds in 1996 in the midst of a profound process of neoliberalization. By the mid-2000s, GM soybeans were cultivated on half of the arable land in Argentina. While this agricultural boom has benefitted agribusiness companies, it also has accelerated the deforestation of native forests, prompted the eviction of indigenous and peasant families, and spurred episodes of agrochemical exposure. Soybeans and Power offers three insights. First, it inspects the consequences of GM crops in concrete rural spaces. Through ethnographic research, the book grounds abstract debates about GM crops in concrete experiences of peasants and rural populations, those bearing witness to their expansion. Second, it scrutinizes processes of demobilization and the decline of contention, which are much less understood than the mobilization and the emergence of social movements. Third, it draws on the case of Argentina, a major global player in transgenic agriculture, shedding light on the social and environmental impacts of the recent commodity boom in Latin America."

"Biotechnology is an expansive field incorporating expertise in both the life science and engineering disciplines. In biotechnology, the scientist is concerned with developing the most favourable biocatalysts, while the engineer is directed towards process performance, defining conditions and strategies that will maximize the production potential of the biocatalyst. Increasingly, the synergistic effect of the contributions of engineering and life sciences is recognised as key to the translation of new bioproducts from the laboratory bench to commercial bioprocess. Fundamental to the successful realization of the bioprocess is a need for process engineers and life scientists competent in evaluating biological systems from a cross-disciplinary viewpoint. Bioprocess engineering aims to generate core competencies through an understanding of the complementary biotechnology disciplines and their interdependence, and an appreciation of the challenges associated with the application of engineering principles in a life science context. Initial chapters focus on the microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology that underpin biocatalyst potential for product accumulation. The following chapters develop kinetic and mass transfer principles that quantify optimum process performance and scale up. The text is wide in scope, relating to bioprocesses using bacterial, fungal and enzymic biocatalysts, batch, fed-batch and continuous strategies and free and immobilised configurations."

"GEPEA is a laboratory whose vision to bring development in process engineering, especially in bioresources and ecotechnology. This purpose brings the realization that the need for fuel from renewable energy sources is increasing as the world’s awareness of the environmental impact. Ulva algae and water hyacinth are aquatic feedstocks that still has a low interest in being the energy resource but really abundant in surface water invasion. Ulva algae and water hyacinth exist as environmental nuisance by the impact of agricultural fertilizer utilization, meanwhile the sugar beet pulp abundancy exists in correspondent of high amount sugar production from European Union, the cassava peel waste is very abundant due to high production in the tropical country, and the olive pomace quantity equals to huge production in the Mediterranean land. Bioethanol yield from the by-product of the agricultural production process that contains hemicellulose is called second-generation bioethanol production. This study aims to detect the bioethanol production potential comparison of Ulva lactuca, sugar beet pulp, cassava peels, water hyacinth, and olive pomace. By Wet Oxidation pretreatment at 125℃ in 45 mins and 130℃ in 75 mins, it is found that the carbohydrates yielded by the process are Olive Pomace < Water Hyacinth < Ulva Algae < Cassava Peels < Sugar Beet Pulp. This process then continued with microbial cultivation using filamentous fungi, Neurospora intermedia; and yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioethanol extraction process shows that we can have value-added products in the form of bioethanol and biomass production from abundant second-generation feedstocks.

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GEPEA merupakan laboratorium dengan visi memajukan dalam rekayasa proses, khususnya dalam bioresources dan ekoteknologi. Tujuan ini membawa kesadaran bahwa kebutuhan bahan bakal dari sumber energi terbarukan semakin meningkat seiring kesadaran dunia akan dampak lingkungan. Ganggang Ulva dan eceng gondok bersumber dari akuatik yang masih memiliki minat rendah untuk menjadi sumber energi, namun sangat berlimpah menginvasi permukaan air. Kedua material tersebut merupakan gangguan lingkungan sebagai akibat penggunaan pupuk dari kegiatan pertanian. Masalah kelimpahan juga terjadi pada limbah agrikutural dimana ampas gula bit mengimbangi tingginya jumlah produksi gula di Uni Eropa, ampas kulit singkong mengimbangi tingginya produksi singkong di negara-negara tropis, dan ampas minyak zaitun dari produksi besar di tanah Mediterania. Produksi bioethanol dari produk sampingan proses agrikultur yang mengandung hemiselulosa tersebut biasa dinamakan produksi bioethanol generasi kedua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi perbandingan potensi produksi bioethanol dari Ulva lactuca, ampas gula bit, kulit singkong, eceng gondok, dan ampas zaitun. Dengan pretreatment Wet Oxidation pada 125℃ dalam 45 menit dan 130℃ dalam 75 menit, ditemukan bahwa karbohidrat hasil proses tesebut secara berurutan adalah ampas zaitun < eceng gondok < Ulva algae < kulit singkong < ampas gula bit. Proses ini kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kultivasi mikroba menggunakan jamur berfilamen, Neurospora intermedia; dan ragi Saccharomices cerevisiae. Proses ekstraksi bioethanol menunjukkan bahwa produk bernilai tambah dapat dihasilkan dalam bentuk produksi bioethanol dan biomassa dari pemanfaatan kelimbahan bahan baku generasi kedua."