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"This paper traces the development of new towns and planning of new regions in West Malaysia. It examines the changing urban and regional development in 1963-1976, agriculture regions were developed by the Ministry of Agriculture. In the second phase, the Malaysian government introduced a regional development strategy under the New Economic Policy (NEP), 1971-1985. At the same time, the SEDCs developed the FTZs. This overlapping and lack of coordination created regional imbalances. However in the third phase, the government introduced the more comprehensive policy and implemented a regional metropolitan and subsystem development strategy for the whole country."

"Agricultural laborers are usually found used in connection with the industrial worker who must live on a wage in cash. Within this limited conception the significance of the subject for the Netherlands Indies is certainly much less than for states with a highly developed factory industrial system and a large working population, for the Netherlands Indies is primarily an agricultural country. In so far as one can or will speak of a working class amongst the agricultural population there are two things to be kept in mind. Who are carrying out jobs in native agriculture in various sorts of subordinate relationships or are working in the foreign estate agriculture the so-called “cultures”. This book includes : in the time of the old labour systems, the introduction of the Kedok System, forms of Labour in 1922, and forms of labour in 1936."

"Penelitian ini akan melihat awal mula penanaman kina secara spesifik di Priangan beserta perkembangannya. Penjelasan akan dimulai dari awal penanaman kina di Priangan pada 1854 hingga adanya pembatasan produksi karena Perjanjian Kina tahun 1913. Penelitian mengenai budidaya kina di Hindia Belanda sudah pernah dilakukan. Seperti pada Belenggu Ilmuwan dan Pengetahuan oleh Andrew Goss dan Science and Scientist in The Netherlands Indie oleh Van Gorkom. Tulisan-tulisan tersebut hanya membahas budidaya kina di Hindia Belanda secara umum. Proses penelitian dimulai dengan pencarian sumber atau heuristik. Sumber primer berupa arsip untuk penelitian ini didapatkan dari Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia (ANRI). Sedangkan sumber gambar berupa foto didapatkan dari Leiden University Libraries Digital Collections dan koleksi digital Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen (NMVW). Adapun sumber-sumber sekunder diperoleh dari Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia (PNRI), serta laman jurnal daring seperti JSTOR dan Science Direct. Proses penelitian dilanjutan dengan kritik internal dan eksternal. Selanjutnya dilakukan interpretasi dan historiografi atau penulisan sejarah. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan keberhasilan budidaya kina di Priangan dan menjadikan Hindia Belanda sebagai produsen kina terbesar di dunia.

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This study will look at the beginning of the cultivation of quinine specifically in Priangan and its development. The explanation will start from the beginning of the cultivation of quinine in Priangan in 1854 until there were production restrictions due to the Quinine Agreement in 1913. Research on quinine cultivation in the Dutch East Indies had already been carried out. Such as The Floracrats by Andrew Goss and Science and Scientist in The Netherlands Indie by Van Gorkom. These writings only discuss the cultivation of quinine in the Dutch East Indies in general. The research process begins with the search for sources or heuristics. The primary source in the form of archives for this research was obtained from the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia (ANRI). While the source of the image in the form of photos is obtained from Leiden University Libraries Digital Collections and the digital collection of the National Museum van Wereldculturen (NMVW). The secondary sources were obtained from the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia (PNRI), as well as online journal pages such as JSTOR and Science Direct. The research process is continued with internal and external criticism. Furthermore, interpretation and historiography or historical writing are carried out. The results showed the success of quinine cultivation in Priangan and made the Dutch East Indies the largest quinine producer in the world."

"Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) irigasi dan pertanian merupakan salah satu kebijakan pemerintah yang memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi padi. DAK tersebut disalurkan kepada pemerintah daerah berdasarkan kewenangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari DAK irigasi dan pertanian terhadap produksi padi. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 448 kabupaten/kota yang memiliki sawah, memproduksi padi selama tahun 2019-2022, dan pernah menerima DAK irigasi atau pertanian. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan panel corrected standard error (PCSE). Variabel kontrol yang digunakan adalah luas sawah, pupuk, irigasi, serta alat dan mesin pertanian. Hasil dari regresi tersebut adalah DAK irigasi baik kewenangan kabupaten/kota dan provinsi memiliki dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap produksi padi. Namun, DAK pertanian tidak memiliki dampak signifikan.

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The Special Allocation Fund (DAK) for irrigation and agriculture is one of the government policies which aims to increase rice production. The DAK is distributed to regional governments based on their authority. This research aims to analyze the impact of DAK irrigation and agriculture on rice production. The analysis was carried out on 448 districts/cities that had rice fields, produced rice during 2019-2022, and had received DAK for irrigation or agriculture. The method used is panel data regression with panel corrected standard error (PCSE). The control variables used are rice field area, fertilizer, irrigation, and agricultural tools and machinery. The results of this regression are that DAK for irrigation both district/city and provincial authorities has a positive and significant impact on rice production. However, DAK for agricultural does not have a significant impact."

"Mulsa plastik telah dilaporkan sebagai metode paling efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma dan meningkatkan produksi tanaman tomat. Namun, mulsa plastik berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan, sehingga mulsa organik dianggap sebagai metode alternatif untuk mengendalikan pertumbuhan gulma. Sekam padi merupakan salah satu bahan mulsa yang menjanjikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mulsa sekam padi terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat dan pengaruhnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma. Tiga perlakuan (tanpa mulsa, mulsa sekam padi sebanyak 4 kg/m2, dan mulsa plastik) diaplikasikan pada 6 plot penanaman yang berisi 6 tanaman tomat/plot. Secara statistik mulsa sekam padi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat, ukuran buah, dan bobot buah. Sebaliknya, tanaman yang diberi mulsa plastik menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik meskipun secara statistik tidak signifikan. Terdapat indikasi tanaman yang diberi mulsa sekam padi mengalami over mulsa (overmulching) karena sebagian daun terlihat kekuningan dan terbakar. Namun, perlakuan mulsa sekam padi dianggap sama efektifnya dengan mulsa plastik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma karena kepadatan gulma turun hingga 75 %.

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Plastic mulch has been reported as the most effective method in inhibiting weeds and increasing tomato production. As plastic mulches bring adverse effect to environment, organic mulches are considered as the alternative method to control weed growth. Rice husk (RH) is one of the promising materials for mulch. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fresh RH mulch on tomato plant’s growth and its effect on inhibiting weed growth. Three treatments (without mulch, 4 kg/m2 RH mulch, and plastic mulch) were carried out in a total of 6 plots containing 6 tomato plants/plot. Statistically, RH mulch had no significant effect on tomato plant growth, fruit size, and fruit weight. In contrast, plants treated with plastic mulch showed better growth even though it was not statistically significant. There was in indication of plants treated with RH mulch experienced over mulching as some of their leaves were observed to be yellowish and burnt. However, RH mulch treatment was considered as effective as plastic mulch in inhibiting weed growth as the weed density was decreased up to 75 %."