Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"There is little information how to identify hydrocarbon degrading bacteria for bioremediation of marine oil spills. Wehave used gravel which contaminated oil mousse from Beach Simulator Tank, in Marine Biotechnology Institute,Kamaishi, Japan, and grown on enrichment culture. Biostimulation with nutrients (N and P) was done to analyzebiodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds: Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Trichlorodibenzofuran and Benzo[a]pyrene.Community of bacteria from enrichment culture was determined by DGGE. Isolating and screening the bacteria oninorganic medium contain hydrocarbon compounds and determination of bacteria by DAPI (number of cells) and CFU.DNA was extracted from colonies of bacteria and sequence determination of the 16S rDNA was amplified by primersU515f and U1492r. Twenty nine strains had been sequence and have similarity about 90-99% to their closest taxa byhomology Blast search and few of them have suspected as new species."

"Many microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum components have been isolated and few of the seem to be important for petroleum biodegradation in natural environments...."

"ABSTRACTSeveral harbours in North Jakarta have been polluted by spills of oil and their derivates. We suggest that diversespecies of crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria inhabit these harbours. An experimentwas undertaken in 2007 to isolate crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria fromoil-polluted harbours, such as Muara Baru, Sunda Kelapa and Tanjung Priok. Sea water and sediment sampleswere collected twice, in March and April. Crude oil and PAH-degrading bacteria were isolated from enrichmentculture of samples in an enrichment medium (SWP), using ONR7a medium with the addition of 5 types of PAHgases or Arabian Light Crude Oil 210 (ALCO 210) onto medium. This study reported that fluoranthene and crudeoil-degrading bacteria were the major bacteria isolated from the three polluted harbours. In total, 109 isolates havebeen collected which can degrade crude oil (29% of total isolates), fluoranthene (33%), fluorene (20%), pyrene (7%),dibenzothiopene (6%), and phenantrene (5 %). Cultivable bacteria have been isolated mostly from the Sunda Kelapasamples, with fewer in those from Muara Baru and Tanjung Priok, respectively. Among these isolates, 5 isolateshave the capability to degrade 5 types of PAH and ALCO 210. They were Alcanivorax sp. B-1084, Pseudomonassp. D5-38b, Alcanivorax sp. TE-9, Bacillus sp. L41, Alcanivorax dieselolei strain B-5 clone 1. "

"Propoxur (2-isopropoksifenil-N-metilkarbamat) merupakan insektisida yang berpotensi merusak lingkungan. Kecepatan degradasi propoksur di lingkungan diduga disebabkan peningkatan aktivitas bakteri tanah pendegradasi pestisida. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh, mengidentifikasi, dan menguji kemampuan bakteri pendegradasi propoksur. Isolasi dan seleksi dilakukan dengan metode kultur diperkaya. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan analisis filogenetik gen 16S rDNAdibandikan dengan karakter morfologi dan fisiologi. Kemampuan bakteri mendegredasi propoksur diukur pada medium yang mengandung propoksur sebagai sumber karbon pada konsentrasi yang bervariasi. Penurunan konsentrasi propoksur pada medium dianalisis dengan metode spektrofotometri diazotisasi-2-aminopiridina dan KCKT. Pertumbuhan dan kemampuan mendegradasi propoksur juga diukur pada medium dengan pH bervariasi. Aktivitas enzim diukur dengan metode sel istirahat. Enam isolat diperoleh mampu tumbuh dalam propoxur sebagai konsorsium. Satu isolat potensial memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi dan menggunakan propoksur sebagai sumber karbon sebagai kultur tunggal yakni isolat IE. Hasil analisis filogenetik gen 16S rDNA, serta karakter morfologi dan fisiologi menunjukkan isolat IE adalah Rhodococcus pyridinivorans. Bakteri tumbuh dan mendegradasi propoksur menjadi 2-isopropoksifenol dan metilamina dan menggunakan 2- isopropoksifenol sebagai sumber karbon, optimum pada pH 8.

---

Propoxur (2-isopropoxyphenyl-N-methylcarbamate) was an insecticide that has potential environmental impact. Enhanced degradation propoxur in environment is presumably the result of an increase of activities of soil pesticidedegrading bacteria. This research aims to obtain, to identify, and to test the ability of bacteria degrading propoxur. Isolation and selection was done by enrichment culture method. Identification was done by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene compared with morphological and physiological character. The ability of the bacteria to degrade propoxur was measured on medium contain propoxur as sole carbon source in variation concentration. Propoxur in medium was analyzed by diazotized-2-aminopyridine spectrophotometry and HPLC. The ability to growth and to degrade the propoxur was measured on medium with variation of pH. Enzyme activity was measured by resting cell method. Six isolates was obtain growth in propoxur as consortium. One potential isolate has the ability degrading and using propoxur as sole carbon source as a single culture designated as isolate IE. Result of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene, morphological and physiological character showed isolate IE is Rhodococcus pyridinivorans. The bacterium grows and degrades propoxur into 2-isopropoxyphenol and methylamine utilized 2-isopropoxyphenol as sole source of carbon, optimum at pH 8."

"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tentang analisis Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators pada formasi Baturaja, yang berlokasi di Ciwaru, Kuningan, Jawa Barat. Fokus pada penelitian ini terletak pada lapangan “PB” yang dimiliki oleh PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan. Lapangan ini memiliki potensi hidrokarbon yang sangat tinggi, namun lokasi pengeboran yang ada masih terbatas, sehingga diperlukan analisis lebih lanjut terhadap data seismik dan data well log yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi zona reservoir hidrokarbon menggunakan analisis struktur, dan analisis Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators yang didukung dengan analisis atribut RMS amplitude. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah model petroleum system dari hasil analisis trap, direct hydrocarbon indicators, well log, serta studi literatur geologi regional dengan zona reservoir hidrokarbon bertipe leak dengan ciri khas gas chimney dan kandungan hidrokarbonnya merupakan fluida gas. zona trap hidrokarbon yang teranalisis melalui analisis struktur, bertipe antiklin dengan ketebalan 465 m. zona reservoir hidrokarbon berada pada batuan limestone, dengan hidrokarbon yang berada pada reservoir ini merupakan fluida gas dengan ketebalan 10 m.

---

This study is a research on the analysis of Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators in the Baturaja formation, located in Ciwaru, Kuningan, West Java. The primary focus is on the "PB" field owned by PT. Pertamina Hulu Rokan, which holds significant hydrocarbon potential. However, drilling locations are limited, prompting the need for further analysis of seismic and well log data. The research aims to identify hydrocarbon reservoir zones through structural analysis and direct hydrocarbon indicators, supported by RMS amplitude attribute analysis. This research produces a petroleum system model derived from trap analysis, direct hydrocarbon indicators, well logs, and a literature review of regional geological studies. with the hydrocarbon reservoir zone identified as a leak-type reservoir characterized by gas chimney features and its hydrocarbon content being gas fluid. The type of the reservoir zone is anticline with thickness of 465 m. the reservoir stone in this field are limestones. In this reservoir zone the hydrocarbon content is field with gas fluids with thickness of 10 m."

"Lapangan A merupakan lapangan offshore yang berada di Laut mid-Norway dan telah memproduksi minyak dan gas bumi cukup lama. Tiga buah sumur digunakan pada penelitian ini dengan kelengkapan data Gamma Ray, NPHI, RHOB, dan log Sonik. Untuk mengidentifikasi reservoir hidrokarbon digunakan metode seismik inversi untuk menghasilkan nilai impedansi akustik dan metode well log berupa gamma ray dan porositas guna menggambarkan penyebaran batu pasir pada reservoir hidrokarbon. Dalam proses inversi dibuat dua buah horison yaitu top dan bottom dengan kontrol tiga buah sumur.

---

Field A is an offshore field, located in the mid-Norway Sea and has been producing oil and gas for a while. Three wells were used in this study that have Gamma Ray, NPHI, RHOB, and sonic logs. Seismic inversion method is used to identify the hydrocarbon reservoir then to deliver an acoustic impedance. Well log analysis such as gamma ray, porosity, and density are used to illustrate lithology of hydrocarbon reservoir. Inversion method created two horizons ,the top and bottom, with three wells controls."

"Cekungan Akimeugah merupakan salah satu cekungan prospek hidrokarbon di Indonesia timur, yang terletak di Provinsi Papua. Terdapat beberapa formasi yang berfungsi sebagai batuan waduk (reservoir rock) pada cekungan ini, salah satunya yaitu batupasir pada Formasi Ekmai. Penampang seismik yang biasa diamati merupakan komposit dari rentang frekuensi tertentu. Penampang dengan kandungan frekuensi berbeda akan menunjukkan kenampakan geologi yang berbeda pula. Hal ini disebabkan sifat geologi seperti ketebalan atau kandungan fluida hanya akan lebih jelas bila diamati pada rentang frekuensi yang sesuai. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pemanfaatan atribut dekomposisi spektral untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan reservoir batupasir pada data seismik 3D Lapangan A. Selain data seismik, digunakan juga data sumur, serta data marker geologi untuk validasi letak formasi. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah HRS, Petrel, dan OpendTect. Zona target pada penelitian ini berada pada Formasi Ekmai. Dari pengolahan data seismic-well tie didapat nilai korelasi 0,62 pada sumur Well 2. Wavelet yang digunakan adalah statistical wavelet jenis Ricker. Kemudian, dilakukan interpretasi lapisan melalui picking horizon pada lapisan Ekmai. Penerapan atribut dekomposisi spektral dilakukan dengan metode Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). Frekuensi yang digunakan adalah 11 Hz, 37 Hz, dan 59 Hz, pemilihan frekuensi didasarkan pada bentukan spektrum dari data seismik yang digunakan. Dari proses penelitian yang dilakukan, didapati kesimpulan bahwa kandungan batupasir yang terlihat dengan jelas pada Formasi Ekmai memiliki frekuensi 11 Hz dengan wavelet Mexican Hat.The Akimeugah Basin is one of the hydrocarbon prospect basins in eastern Indonesia, located in Papua Province. There are several formations that function as reservoir rock in this basin, one of them is sandstone in the Ekmai Formation. Seismic section commonly observed is a composite of a certain frequency range. Cross sections with different frequency contents will show different geological features. This is due to geological characteristics such as thickness or fluid content will only be more obvious if observed in the appropriate frequency range. In this study, the utilization of spectral decomposition attributes was carried out to identify the presence of sandstone reservoirs in 3D Field A seismic data. In addition to seismic data, well data was used, as well as geological marker data for validation of the formation location. The software used is HRS, Petrel, and OpendTect. The target zone in this study is in the Ekmai Formation. From the seismic-well tie data processing a correlation value of 0.62 was obtained in Well 2. Wavelet used were Ricker statistical wavelet. Then, the interpretation of layers is done through picking horizons at the Ekmai layer. The application of spectral decomposition attributes is done by the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) method. The frequencies used are 11 Hz, 37 Hz, and 59 Hz, the frequency selection is based on the spectrum formation of the seismic data used. From the research process, it was concluded that the sandstone content which is clearly seen in the Ekmai Formation has a frequency of 11 Hz with Mexican Hat wavelet."

"

Daerah penelitian merupakan suatu struktur penghasil hidrokarbon konvensional yang terletak di bagian tenggara Cekungan Sumatra Selatan dan di bagian baratlaut tinggian lampung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi  potensi  shale hidrokarbon  pada daerah tersebut. Evaluasi shale hidrokarbon dilakukan pada tiga sumur, sumur X-1, X-2 dan X-3 dengan target pada formasi Talang Akar Atas. Evaluasi berdasarkan analisis geokimia, petrofisika, dan interpretasi seismik. Analisis geokimia menghasilkan bahwa shale formasi target memiliki material organik yang cukup berpotensi dan juga matang. Hidrokarbon yang dihasilkan berupa minyak. Analisis petrofisika dilakukan untuk mendapatkan model TOC dan brittleness index. Pemodelan TOC dilakukan dengan 4 metode yaitu Schmoker, Passey, Multi Regresi Linier, dan Neural Network. Dari keempat metode tersebut,Neural Network yang menghasilkan data paling baik. Korelasi yang didapat pada sumur X-1 adalah 0.96 dan 0.84 untuk sumur X-3. Berdasarkan nilai brittleness index, Sumur X-1 memiliki shale yang bersifat less ductile – less brittle sementara sumur X-2 dan X-3 memiliki shale yang bersifat less brittle. Sumur X-1 memiliki potensi shale hidrokarbon berada pada kedalaman 2054 – 2081 m dengan ketebalan 27 m dengan rentang nilai brittleness 0.3 – 0.34 dan rentang TOC 2.0 – 4.4 wt% serta impedansi akustik 7200-9900 gr/cc*m/s. Sumur X-3 memiliki potensi shale hidrokarbon berada pada kedalaman 1461-1487 dengan ketebalan 26 m dengan rentang TOC 1.8 – 3.94 wt% dan brittleness index berkisar 0.35-0.44, dan impedansi akustik 9197 - 10964 gr/cc*m/s. Shale yang berpotensi menjadi shale hidrokarbon tersebar pada daerah sekitar sumur X-2 dengan nilai brittleness sekitar 0.38-0.4 yang termasuk sifat less brittle dan TOC dengan nilai sekitar 3 wt%.

---

The research area is a structure that produce conventional hydrocarbon located in the southeastern part of the South Sumatra Basin and in the northwest part of the Lampung highlands. This study aims to evaluate the shale hydrocarbon potential in the area. Evaluation of shale hydrocarbons was carried out on three wells, X-1, X-2 and X-3 wells with target in the Upper Talang Akar formation. Evaluation based on geochemical analysis, petrophysics, and seismic interpretation. Geochemical analysis produces that the target shale formation has quite potential and mature organic material. The hydrocarbons produced are oil. Petrophysical analysis is performed to obtain the TOC model and brittleness index. TOC modeling is done with 4 methods, namely Schmoker, Passey, Multi Linear Regression, and Neural Network. Based on  the four methods, the Neural Network produces the best data. The correlation obtained in X-1 wells is 0.96 and 0.84 for X-3 wells. Based on the brittleness index value, X-1 wel has a shale that is less ductile - less brittle while X-2 and X-3 wells have less brittle shale. The X-1 well has a hydrocarbon shale potential at a depth of 2054 - 2081 m with a thickness of 27 m with a range of 0.3 - 0.34 brittleness and TOC 2.0 - 4.4 wt% and acoustic impedance 7200-9900 gr / cc * m / s. The X-3 well has shale hydrocarbon potential at a depth of 1461-1487 with a thickness of 26 m with a range of TOC 1.8 - 3.94 wt% and brittleness index ranging from 0.35-0.44, and acoustic impedance 9197 - 10964 gr / cc * m / s. The distribution of shale which has the potential to become shale hydrocarbons is around the X-2 well with the value of brittleness is around 0.38-0.4 (less brittle) and the value of TOC is around  3 wt%.  

"

"[Lapangan “X” merupakan lapangan gas terbesar di delta mahakam dengan luas area permukaan yang mancapai 1350km2 dan total akumulasi gas terproduksi mencapai 8 tcf sejak tahun 1990 hingga saat ini. Penurunan produksi yang cukup tajam melatarbelakangipengembangan gas di zona dangkal (shallow gas). Sedimen pada zona dangkal ini tersusun oleh endapan deltaik berumur Miosen Atas – Pliosen dengan batupasir sebagai batuan reservoar utama. Keberadaan fluida gas pada batupasir akan berdampak pada penurunan kecepatan gelombangP dan densitas batuan sehingga memberikan kontras impendansi akustik yang kuat terhadaplapisan shale. Kontras impedansi akustik ini terlihat sebagai anomali amplitudo (brightspot)pada seismik. Adanya kenaikan nilai amplitudo seiring dengan bertambah besarnya sudutdatang menjadi hal yang menarik dalam interpretasi shallow gas ini.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi keberadaan shallow gas di lapangan “X”menggunakan atribut AVO Sismofacies dengan 2 sumur yang dijadikan referensi untukpemodelan synthetic AVO. Penulis menggunakan 2 sumur lainnya sebagai kalibrasi terhadapanomali AVO dari Sismofacies cube yang dihasilkan.Metode AVO sismofacies ini tidak menggunakan parameter intercept (A) dan gradient (B)untuk kalkulasi AVO melainkan menggunakan dua data substack yaitu Near dan Far stack.Crossplot antara Near dan Far pada zona water bearing sand dan shale diambil untukmendapatkan background trend sehingga anomali yang berada diluar trend tersebut dapatdiinterpretasikan sebagai gas sand.Hasil dari analisis AVO Sismofacies ini cukup baik dan menunjukkan kesesuaian denganinterpretasi gas di beberapa sumur dan efek Coal berkurang jika dibandingkan Far stack.Meskipun demikian interpretasi AVO ini sebaiknya diintergrasikan dengan analisis dariatribut seismik lainnya untuk memperkuat interpretasi;Field “X” is a giant gas field in mahakam delta which cover 1350km2 of the area with totalcummulative gas production has reached 8 tcf since 1990 to recently. A significantdecreasing of gas production has led to produce gas accumulation in shallow zone as aneffort to fight againts this decline. Shallow zone is a deltaic sediments which depositedduring Upper Miocen to Pliocene with dominant reservoir is sandstone.The presence of gas in sandstone has an impact on decreasing of velocity P as well as densitywhich giving a contrast of acoustic impedance to the overlaying shale. Contrast ofimpedance can be observes in seismic as an amplitude anomaly or so called a brightspot. Anincrease of amplitude along the offset become more interesting in shallow gas interpretation.The aim of this study is to detect shallow gas accumulation di field “X” by using AVOSismofacies attribute with 2 wells as references to model respons of AVO. The result ofAVO sismofacies will be a cube and the interpreation will be calibrated with 2 existing wellscontaining proven gas bearing sands.AVO Sismofacies method will introduce Near and Far substack to be used in the calculationinstead of using common AVO paramter intecepth (A) and gradient (B). A crossplot betweensubstacks will create a background trend from water bearing zone and shale hence anyoutliers can, then,be interpreted as gas anomaly.AVO Sismofacies result is encouraging and some of AVO anomaly has been well calibratedwith existing wells. Coal effect which led to misintepretaion in shallow gas sand isdiminished compared to Far stack. Despite of this result, this anomaly interpretation need tobe intergrated with anothers seismic attribute to gain the level of confidence for shallow gasinterpretation., Field “X” is a giant gas field in mahakam delta which cover 1350km2 of the area with totalcummulative gas production has reached 8 tcf since 1990 to recently. A significantdecreasing of gas production has led to produce gas accumulation in shallow zone as aneffort to fight againts this decline. Shallow zone is a deltaic sediments which depositedduring Upper Miocen to Pliocene with dominant reservoir is sandstone.The presence of gas in sandstone has an impact on decreasing of velocity P as well as densitywhich giving a contrast of acoustic impedance to the overlaying shale. Contrast ofimpedance can be observes in seismic as an amplitude anomaly or so called a brightspot. Anincrease of amplitude along the offset become more interesting in shallow gas interpretation.The aim of this study is to detect shallow gas accumulation di field “X” by using AVOSismofacies attribute with 2 wells as references to model respons of AVO. The result ofAVO sismofacies will be a cube and the interpreation will be calibrated with 2 existing wellscontaining proven gas bearing sands.AVO Sismofacies method will introduce Near and Far substack to be used in the calculationinstead of using common AVO paramter intecepth (A) and gradient (B). A crossplot betweensubstacks will create a background trend from water bearing zone and shale hence anyoutliers can, then,be interpreted as gas anomaly.AVO Sismofacies result is encouraging and some of AVO anomaly has been well calibratedwith existing wells. Coal effect which led to misintepretaion in shallow gas sand isdiminished compared to Far stack. Despite of this result, this anomaly interpretation need tobe intergrated with anothers seismic attribute to gain the level of confidence for shallow gasinterpretation.]"