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"Spesimen uji lembaran baja galvanis dengan tebal 0.8 mm diberi lubang lingkaran berdiamater dan antar lubang 2.5 mm dengan pola susunan tetragonal dan heksagonal. Sifat manufaktur bahan tersebut dipelajari melalui pengujian simulatif penarikan (drawing) dan rentang (stretching). Sebagai pembanding, dilakukan pengujian terhadap lembaran sejenis tanpa lubang perforasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui perbandingan sifat manufaktur lembaran perforasi dengan pola susunan lubang tetragonal dan heksagonal serta prediksi sifat intrinsik mampu tarik lembaran perforasi dengan menggunakan asumsi kontinum ekivalen.

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Galvanized steel sheet of 0.8 mm in thickness was drilled with circle holes of 2.5 mm diameter and spacing arranged in tetragonal and hexagonal pattern. The manufacturing properties of specimen were studied through drawing and stretching simulative test. It was concluded from the results that, at high ratio of punch to hole diameter (40/2.5), the drawing properties (LDR) of both square and hexagonal perforated sheet were slightly lower than that of solid sheet, while hexagonal perforated showing LDR somewhat higher than the square one. The stretching properties (LDH) of sheet, however, were much lower than that of solid sheet while the hexagonal perforated exhibiting LDH lower than the square one. Provided the effi ciency factor was well defi ned, which was not effective in the present experiment, the intrinsic drawing properties might be indirectly determined through the simulative test by assuming the perforated materials as an equivalent continuum."

"Tujuan – Studi ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi dampak signifikan pemadaman listrik terhadap perusahaan manufaktur yang beroperasi di Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif dampak langsung dan tidak langsung pemadaman listrik terhadap produktivitas, jadwal produksi, dan pemenuhan pesanan oleh perusahaan manufaktur di Bulawayo.Metodologi – Studi ini adalah studi kualitatif yang menggunakan sampling purposif untuk wawancara. Responden adalah eksekutif dari perusahaan manufaktur dan pejabat pemerintah. Analisis tematik digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis pola dan tema dalam data.Temuan – Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemadaman listrik memiliki dampak langsung terhadap produktivitas, biaya operasional, moral karyawan, dan keuntungan bagi perusahaan manufaktur, yang mengurangi daya saing mereka di pasar lokal dan internasional. Namun, meskipun ada tantangan, perusahaan manufaktur telah mengembangkan strategi adaptasi seperti menginvestasikan dalam generator listrik cadangan dan menyesuaikan jadwal produksi. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya suplai listrik yang dapat diandalkan untuk mempertahankan operasi dan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di Bulawayo.Kesulitan – Fokus khusus pada Bulawayo, yang merupakan kota industri di Zimbabwe, menawarkan kesempatan unik untuk mengkaji konteks sosio-ekonomi dan infrastruktur Bulawayo yang khusus. Ini dapat mengungkapkan kelemahan dan tantangan yang unik dibandingkan dengan daerah lain.

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Purpose – This study aimed to investigates the significant impact of power outages on manufacturing companies operating in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine the direct and indirect impacts of power interruptions on productivity, production schedules and fulfilment of orders by the manufacturing companies in Bulawayo.

Methodology – This is a qualitative study using purposive sampling for interviews. Respondents were executives from manufacturing companies and government officials. Thematic analysis was used to identify and analyze patterns and themes within the data.

Findings – The results show that power disruptions have a direct impact on productivity, operational costs, employee morale and profitability for manufacturing companies, reducing their competitiveness in both local and international markets. However, despite these challenges, manufacturing enterprises have developed coping strategies such as investing in backup power generators and adjusting production schedules. The findings underscore the critical importance of reliable electricity supply for sustaining operations and driving economic growth in Bulawayo.

Originality – The focus specifically on Bulawayo which is an industrial hub in Zimbabwe offers a unique opportunity to examine Bulawayo's specific socio-economic and infrastructural context can reveal unique vulnerabilities and challenges compared to other regions."

"This book covers various multiple-criteria decision making (mcdm) methods for modeling and optimization of advanced manufacturing processes (AMPs). Processes such as non-conventional machining, rapid prototyping, environmentally conscious machining and hybrid machining are finally put together in a single book. It highlights the research advances and discusses the published literature of the last 15 years in the field. Case studies of real life manufacturing situations are also discussed."

"Lean Manufacturing telah menjadi pendekatan utama untuk menciptakan proses manufaktur yang sangat efisien sejak awal 1990-an. Ini mungkin sangat berhasil karena keefektifannya dalam mengurangi kompleksitas dan menghentikan pekerjaan atau pemborosan yang tidak perlu. Saat ini, istilah Industri 4.0 menggambarkan visi sistem manufaktur masa depan. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan kemungkinan untuk mengintegrasikan dan menggabungkan pendekatan lean dan sistem Industry 4.0. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan positif antara kedua konsep tersebut. Selain itu, mereka menyimpulkan bahwa mengintegrasikan pendekatan lean dan Industry 4.0 mengarah pada pengurangan biaya yang lebih besar daripada hanya menerapkan salah satunya. Penelitian ini merangkum dan mengusulkan kerangka kerja (framework) yang dapat memandu implementasi integrasi Lean Manufacturing dan Industry 4.0.

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Lean manufacturing has been the primary approach for creating highly efficient manufacturing processes since the early 1990s. It may be very successful due to its effectiveness in reducing complexity and heading off unnecessary works or waste. At present, the term Industry 4.0 depicts a vision of the future manufacturing system. Previous researches indicate the possibility to integrate and combine the lean approach and Industry 4.0 system. Previous researches suggest that there are positive relationships between the two concepts. Besides, they conclude that integrating the lean approach and Industry 4.0 leads to a greater cost reduction than implementing only one of them. The current paper summarizes and proposes a framework that can guide the implementation of the integration of lean manufacturing and Industry 4.0."

"Tesis ini mengkaji permasalahan layout produksi tabung 3 kg dengan mengambil studi kasus di PT. Wijaya Karya Intrade. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam studi kasus ini adalah konsep lean manufacturing dimana fokus utamanya adalah pada minimalisasi pemborosan dalam kegiatan produksi dan sistem produksi One piece flow. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan pendekatan lean manufacturing, telah mampu menghasilkan layout produksi yang lebih baik dan peningkatan effisiensi pada beberapa aspek.

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The focus of this case study is on production layout of gas cylinder tank 3kg at PT. Wijaya Karya Intrade. The approach applied in this study is lean manufacturing concept which primarily emphasize on minimizing waste in a production activity and one piece flow production system. The study shows that lean manufacturing approach has produced better production layout and improving efficiency on several aspects."

"The study on chemical properties in the conservation areas of Gilimanuk Bay,west coast of Bali was carried out in March 206. The dissolved oxygen and degree of acidity (pH) in surface water were analyzed...."

"Optimalisasi penggunaan teknologi berperan dalam industri manufaktur agar mampu mencapai potensi produktifitas yang penuh di era ekonomi digital. Adanya transformasi teknologi digital ini dapat memberikan kontribusi besar pada struktur pendapatan pekerja industri manufaktur. Sementara itu, industri manufaktur yang merupakan leading sector perekonomian nasional dalam kurun waktu 2014 hingga 2018. Namun didominasi dengan pekerja berkarakteristik vertical mismatch (ketidaksesuaian antara tingkat pendidikan dengan jenis pekerjaan) yakni diatas 90 persen dan Indonesia menempati posisi tertinggi diantara negara Asia Pasifik lainnya untuk proporsi pekerja vertical mismatch. Resiko tenaga kerja yang berkarakteristik vertical mismatch, khususnya bagi pekerja overqualified adalah upah di bawah standar yang dikarenakan investasi mereka pada tingkat pendidikan tidak dipakai secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh teknologi digital dan vertical mismatch terhadap pendapatan pekerja industri manufaktur di Indoensia menggunakan data Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas) Agustus 2019. Hasil regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa teknologi digital dan vertical mismatch berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pendapatan. Pekerja underqualified cenderung memperoleh pendapatan lebih besar dibandingkan mereka yang tergolong well-matched sedangkan pekerja overqualified akan dihadapkan dengan wage penalthy atau upah yang rendah. Adanya kemampuan menguasai teknologi digital seperti komputer, smartphone, dan teknologi digital lainnya mampu menambah pendapatan pekerja vertical mismatch dengan kecenderungan lebih tinggi.

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Optimizing the use of technology has a role in the manufacturing industry in order to be able to reach its full productivity potential at this digital economy era. The existence of this digital technology transformation impacts on a major contribution toward income structure of manufacturing industry labors. Meanwhile, the manufacturing industry was the leading sector of the national economy from 2014 to 2018. However, it is dominated by workers with vertical mismatch characteristics (the mismatch between the level of education and the type of work) which is above 90 percent. Furthermore, Indonesia occupied the highest position among other Asia Pacific countries in terms of vertical mismatch worker proportion. The risk of labor which is characterized by a vertical mismatch, especially for overqualified workers, is wages that are below standard because their investment in education level is not used optimally. This research aims to study the effect of digital technology and vertical mismatch on the income of manufacturing industry labors in Indonesia using data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) August 2019. The results of multiple linear regression indicate that digital technology and vertical mismatch have a significant effect on income. Underqualified labors tend to earn more than those who are classified as well-matched, while overqualified labors will be faced with wage penalthy or low wages. The ability to master digital technology such as computers, smartphones and other digital technologies is able to increase the income of vertical mismatch labors with a higher tendency."

"Material superkonduktor dengan Tc-tinggi La2-xSrxCuO4 dengan x = 0.2 yang masuk ke kategori superkonduktor kuprat disintesis dalam skala nano dengan metode sol-gel. Sampel di-sinter dalam dua durasi yang berbeda (6 jam dan 12 jam) dan tiga suhu yang berbeda (700 C, 800 Cdan 900 C). Dilaksanakan pengujian XRD untuk mengetahui kemurnian fasa dan data untuk Rietveld refinement, yang setelah dilaksanakan ditemukan sampel memiliki space group I4/mmm yang mengindikasikan memiliki struktur kristal tetragonal. Kemudian terlihatnya perubahan parameter sampel seiring suhu meningkat Disugesti disebabkan oleh semakin asimetrisnya kisi seiring ukuran partikel membesar dan karena surface effects dan nanosize effects, serta interaksi superexchange antara Cu-O-Cu yang terganggu. Dilaksanakan uji SEM-EDS untuk menentukan morfologi dan komposisi sampel. Uji VSM dilaksanakan untuk menentukan sifat magnetik di suhu ruangan dan ditemukan semua sampel memperlihatkan sifat feromagnetik, dengan kurva histerisis di sampel ukuran 100 nm memperlihatkan sifat superkonduktivitas, mengindikasikan 100 nm merupakan ukuran perbatasan antara skala nano dan bulk untuk La2-xSrxCuO4.

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High-Tc superconductor material La2-xSrxCuO4 with x = 0.2 which is categorized as one of the cuprate superconductors is synthesized using sol-gel method. The samples are sintered in two different durations (6 and 12 hours) and three different temperatures (700°C, 800°C and 900°C). XRD analysis is done to determine phase purity and to obtain data to perform Rietveld refinement. The results show the sample has a space group of I4/mmm, indicating tetragonal crystal structure. Shifting values of the lattice constants are also exhibited by the sample. It was suggested to be caused by the increased assymetry of the lattice as particle size increases, more dominant surface effects, nanosize effects and the disruption of the superexchange interaction between Cu-O-Cu. SEM-EDS analysis is also done to determine the morphology and composition of the sample. VSM measurement is performed at room temperature to determine the magnetic properties exhibited by the sample. Further analysis yields results that states all samples are ferromagnetic with the hysteresis curve for the 100 nm sample shows the existence of superconductivity, indicating that 100 nm is the border size between the nanoscale and the bulk scale for La2-xSrxCuO4."