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"Kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia pada masa penjajahan serba kekurangan.Hal itu mempengaruhi kesehatan secara umum.Pada masa pendudukan Pemerintah Hindia Belanda,banyak masyarakat yang masih terbelakang,tidak mampu,gizi buruk yang sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan...."

"The Sultanate of Yogyakarta which during the struggle for Independence and subsequently has been known as the Special Region of Yogyakarta, is located in the southern part of Central Java. It constitutes much of the heartland of Javanese culture, for Yogyakarta was the centre of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Mataram. Within Yogyakarta, there is a marked contrast in the population density between Bantul and Sleman regencies on one hand, and Gunung Kidul and Kulon Progo on the other hand. The basic reason for this difference is the fact that the soil of Bantu and Sleman is primarily young and volcanic, there are also a good water supply and irrigation network. The annual rate of population growth in Yogyakarta is much lower compared to other provinces in Java. This region experienced a net loss of population through migration and that the losses were greater in the poorer areas of Gunung Kidul and Kulon Progo."

"Body mass index and percent body fat are two parameters used to assess human body composition , which has several advantages for clinical practice, sport, growth and normal population as well..."

"Air-photos can be used for aiding various investigations. It is due to the special characteristics of air-photos themselves and their high relevancy to various field of study. So far air-photos are mostly used for studying physical problems. The following paper is to introduce the use of air-photos in the framework of studying urban population density. By employing air-photos as auxiliary tools of analysis, urban population density can be more clearly presented and can be divided into three types. The first type is commonly used in urban study, while the second and the third type are rarely presented. Based on the survey carried can give clearer and representative picture about the study area. Consequently, the second and the third concept of population density are really recommended in any urban study."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola migrasi bersih berpengaruh terhadap konvergensi pertumbuhan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan bukti bahwa terjadinya konvergensi pertumbuhan ekonomi antara provinsi di Indonesia. Analisa β-convergence menggunakan model absolute convergence dan conditional convergence. Hasil estimasi β-convergence menunjukan terjadinya konvergensi pertumbuhan ekonomi anta provinsi di Indonesia periode 2000-2010 dengan laju konvergensi sebesar 2,21% dalam model absolute convergence. Sedangakan hasil conditional convergence dengan menggunakan teknik 2SLS menghasilkan laju konvergensi sebesar 2,36% saat variabel lain seperti net migrasi, rasio ekspor-impor dan share of industry disertakan dalam pengukuran.

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This study aims to determine the effect on net migration patterns of growth convergence in Indonesia. This study found evidence that the convergence of economic growth among provinces in Indonesia. β -convergence analysis using a model of absolute convergence and conditional convergence. β-convergence estimation results show the convergence of economic growth in the Indonesian province 2000-2010 period with the convergence rate of 2.21% in the absolute convergence. While the results of conditional convergence by using 2SLS technique produces convergence rate of 2.36% while other variables such as net migration, the export-import ratio and the share of industry are included in the measurement."

"Pelabuhanratu merupakan kota pesisir yang strategis untuk berkembang. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka penduduk di Kota Pelabuhanratu terus meningkat yang mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan lahan untuk wilayah terbangun. Hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah kebutuhan lahan untuk wilayah terbangun akan menjadi lebih besar daripada ketersediaan lahan yang ada di Kota Pelabuhanratu. Sehubungan dengan itu, maka dikaji model prediksi dinamika spasial ketersediaan lahan hingga tahun 2040 dengan penerapan model system dynamics berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) di Kota Pelabuhanratu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk yang berlangsung mempunyai pola meningkat sesuai dengan deret hitung diikuti oleh penurunan ketersediaan lahan secara drastis. Berdasarkan hasil model prediksi, daya dukung lahan pada tahun 2040 mencapai kualitas yang buruk dengan persentase luas ketersediaan lahan hanya tersisa hanya sebesar 21% dari luas Pelabuhanratu. Ketersediaan lahan pada tahun 2040 mengalami perubahan yang cukup signifikan dari kondisi saat ini. Ketersediaan lahan hanya tersisa pada wilayah dengan aksesibilitas yang jauh dari pusat kota, dan berjarak jauh dari jaringan jalan.

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Pelabuhanratu is a coastal town area which is strategic for development. Because of that, population in Pelabuhanratu starts growing up and this will cause the needs for built-up area also growing up. The biggest concern for now is the needs for built-up area will be bigger than available land in Pelabuhanratu. Therefore, spatial dynamics modelling for land availability have to be researched until 2040 with system dynamics model based on Geographic Information System (GIS) in Pelabuhanratu.

The research shows that population have exponential growth pattern followed by the decreasing of land availability drastically. Based on estimated model shows that carrying capacity at 2040 will be reaching poor in quality with percentage width of land available only left 21% in Pelabuhanratu. Land availability at 2040 will changed significantly from this day. Land availability only left in region which far away accessibility from town center and from mainroad."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) membandingkan sumbangan pendapatan wanita yang dibeadakan antara rumah tangga di desa pertanian sawah dan Desa Pertanian Ladang dan (2) membenadinkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga berdasarkan sumbangan pendapatan wanita. data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara , dokumentasi dan observasi. data yang diperoleh melalui kuisoner diolah dengan komputer menggunakan program SPSS."

"DKI Jakarta sebagai kota padat populasi, menjadikan Jakarta sebagai wilayah yang berpotensi tinggi terhadap penyebaran COVID-19. Informasi terkait spatiotemporal dinilai sangat penting digunakan untuk melihat prioritas penanganan wilayah. Keterkaitan variabel pendorong juga penting dilakukan untuk menekan penyebaran virus. Jangkauan rumah sakit rujukan tak kalah penting untuk mengoptimalkan layanan kesehatan yang ada. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis spatiotemporal dengan mengidentifikasi variabel pendorong, serta analisis kesiapan rumah sakit rujukan menjadi kunci bagi pemerintah dalam merespon penyebaran COVID-19 di DKI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah Space Time Scan Staitistic untuk melihat pola penyebaran COVID-19, kemudian dilakukan analisis keterkaitan COVID-19 dengan variabel-variabel pendorong menggunakan analisis regresi. Selanjutnya, dilakukan analisis kesiapan rumah sakit rujukan menggunakan analisis jaringan. Analisis jaringan digunakan untuk melihat jangkauan dan kesiapan dari rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19. Hasil menunjukkan wilayah tengah Jakarta dan wilayah Jakarta Timur berisiko tinggi terhadap penyebaran COVID-19. Kebijakan PPKM dan program vaksinasi dinilai lebih efektif dalam menekan penyebaran COVID-19. Variabel pendorong jumlah mal berpengaruh kuat terhadap penyebaran COVID-19 pada beberapa klaster yang terbentuk. Selanjutnya secara spasial ketersediaan rumah sakit rujukan sudah mampu melayani seluruh penduduk di DKI Jakarta dalam kondisi darurat. Namun, ketersediaan tempat tidur terbatas, sehingga perlu mengalokasikan rumah sakit lain sebagai rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19.

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As a densely populated city, DKI Jakarta become vulnerable to the spread of COVID-19. Spatiotemporal information related to the spread of the disease considered crucial in pandemic decision making. Furthermore, understanding the association between the driving variables and analyzing referral hospital coverage service are also essential to contain the spread of the virus. This research aims to perform spatiotemporal analysis by identifying driving variables and analyze the readiness of referral hospital as key for the government to respond the spread of COVID-19 in DKI Jakarta. This study employed Space time scan statistic to understand the spreading pattern of COVID-19. The associations between COVID-19 and the driving variables were identified using regression analysis, while network analysis was performed to identify COVID-19 referral hospital readiness and service coverage. The result identified center part of Jakarta and Jakarta Timur as highly vulnerable to the spread of COVID-19. Social restriction (PPKM) and vaccination policy are considered effective to contain the pandemic. In general, the availability of referral hospitals is spatially able to cover the service for all the citizens in emergency situation. However, this study finds that the bed availability in those referral hospital was inadequate. Therefore, DKI Jakarta needs additional referral hospital"