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"Holding summit meetings with Russian President Dmtry Medvedev in Moscow on September 29 2008,President Lee Myung - Bak upgraded Korea-Russia relations from a "comprehensive partnership based on mutual trust" to one a "strategic and cooperative partnership"

"Prompted by poor performance of most state-owned enterprises, the Indonesian government has made the partnership between state-owned and private firms as one of its `strategic' steps. However, partnership between business entities from different institutional backgrounds can cause uneasy relationship stemming from different characters and imbalanced position between partners. In the Indonesian context, partnerships between state and private firms show imbalance in which the former enjoy more prestige and power than the later. Dependency is reflected in the obligation of spending some cost by private companies, some of which become additional income or rent to the executives of state firms.

The case study looks at the joint-operation in sugar production for the milling season of 2001-2002 between the state-owned PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIV (PTPN XIV) and the privately owned PT Kalpataru Semesta (PTKS). During the course of the joint-operation, relations between two partners have demonstrated lack of transparency and growing distrust. Complexities have intensified because of a persistent competition between key actors, namely president directors of the respective firms, in an attempt to show that each was more powerful than the other.

This research tries to answer four questions. First, how is partnership between PTPN XIV and PTKS possible? Second, why are differences between both partners so wide and very difficult to reconcile? Third, how are the relationships between actors during the implementation of the partnership? Fourth, how do partners eventually agree on the termination of their joint-operation? In brief, this study attempts to reveal various processes, networks, and structures that affect the partnership. Due to his position as a member of the Monitoring Team of the joint-operation project, the researcher chooses to apply participant observation as the main method of data collection. Informal talks and interviews with other actors and informants also contribute to the process.

This study takes into consideration three theoretical perspectives, namely Exchange, Exchange-Network, and Governance theories, but all lack of comprehension in describing the overall structures and processes behind the partnership. This has led to the formulation of a combination of relevant ideas and aspects of those theories by utilizing concepts and ideas of the dramaturgical and social capital perspectives. This attempt has resulted in the emergence of a pair of exchange network models of key actors; and a matrix of all relevant actors and elements.

This research finds that in contrast to widespread practices in Indonesia, state firms are not permanently stronger than their private counterparts. The relative position between PTPN XIV and PTKS demonstrates a dynamic imbalance in the sense that either the state-owned or private firms may hold dominance over the other. In the initiation phase, the private partner gains strong position over the state-owned partner. During the implementation of the partnership, both demonstrate dominance interchangeably depending on the specific circumstances. At the final phase, the state-owned firm shows its strength and the private company has to accept that it is dependent on its state-owned counterpart.

In general, the partnership between PTPN XIV and PTKS reflects a success and a failure simultaneously. It has succeeded in salvaging the ill-fated state-owned firm, or serving public interest, but at the same time it fails in delivering satisfactory profit to private partner. In addition to its failure, the project proves that a governance arrangement fails to perform well under a distrustful relationship between partners as a result of mysterious behavior of the PTPN XIV president director. However the involvement of a state official has served two functions; first, help make partnership possible in the first place, second, create a forum through which partners meet to discuss differences.

The study recommends that state officials should . take a more active role in managing tensions and reducing unnecessary differences between partners. State-owned enterprises should be encouraged to open up their data and predictions that are highly relevant to the joint-project. This will help create trust and norm of mutual benefit between partners. Private companies, despite their strong position, should be well-prepared prior to entering into an agreement with state firms. They should obtain sufficient knowledge especially on the calculation methods of production costs and the familiarity with key actors from the other side in the partnership."

"In 2 english as an innovative and effective multimedia english language learning and teaching website came about through a creative partnership between the British Council (BC) the British Broadcasting Coorporation (BBC),china central radio and television university (CCRTVU) and CRTVU-online distance educational....."

"Koperasi Dana Mandiri menjalankan usahanya melalui kegiatan simpan pinjam. Penghimpunan dana yang dilakukan Koperasi Dana Mandiri dilakukan dengan cara mengiming-imingi calon nasabah dengan pemberian imbalan yang dianggap cukup tinggi. Namun pada Tahun 2015 Koperasi Dana Mandiri digugat ke pengadilan karena tidak dapat mengembalikan simpanan para anggotanya. Kebebasan koperasi dalam menentukan kebijakannya adalah satu keunggulan dari suatu koperasi. Pada contoh kebijakan yang ditetapkan secara bebas adalah pemberian imbalan atas simpanan yang ditentukan melalui keputusan rapat anggota. Pemberian imbalan berupa bunga ini diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan UKM No.2 Tahun 2017. Imbalan jasa yang cukup besar tentunya akan menarik masyarakat untuk mengelola uangnya pada Koperasi Simpan pinjam. Namun pemberian bunga tersebut akan menjadi masalah ketika suatu koperasi tidak bisa  mengembalikan simpanan anggotanya tersebut. Maka terciptalah suatu pokok permasalahan tentang pengaturan rapat anggota koperasi dan mekanisme mengenai pemberian bunga simpanan kepada anggota koperasi serta pemberian bunga pada koperasi dana mandiri dan apakah diperlukan aturan tambahan yang mengatur tentang pemberian bunga tersebut. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yang normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pemberian imbalan atas jasa tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan rapat anggota yang ketentuannya mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil menengah, selanjutnya pemberian bunga yang dilakukan oleh koperasi dana mandiri merupakan keputusan indivindu bukan keputusan rapat anggota dan menjawab bila tidak diperlukan pengaturan khusus mengenai pemberian Batasan atas imbalan anggota koperasi karena semua didasarkan rapat anggota dan itulah yang menjadikan koperasi berbeda dengan badan usaha lainnya.

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Koperasi Dana Mandiri runs its business through savings and loan activities. Funds collected by the Dana Mandiri Cooperative are carried out by lure potential customers with rewards that are considered high enough. But in 2015 the Dana Mandiri Cooperative was sued in court for not being able to return the deposits of its members. The freedom of cooperatives in determining their policies is one advantage of a cooperative. In the example of a policy that is freely determined is the provision of benefits for deposits determined through the decision of a meeting of members. The provision of rewards in the form of interest is regulated in the Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation No.2 of 2017 The benefits of services that are quite large will certainly attract the public to manage their money in the Savings and Loan Cooperative. But the giving of interest will be a problem when a cooperative cannot return the savings of its members. Then a main issue was created regarding the arrangement of cooperative member meetings and the mechanism for providing deposit interest to cooperative members and giving interest to independent fund cooperatives and whether additional rules were needed to regulate the interest. This writing uses normative legal research methods. The results of this study found that the provision of compensation for these services is based on meeting members whose provisions refer to the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises Regulations, then the interest made by independent fund cooperatives is indivindu decisions rather than decisions of member meetings and answers if no special arrangements are needed granting limits on compensation for cooperative members because all are based on members' meetings and that is what makes cooperatives different from other business entities."

"Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mendiskripsikan Upaya Kelompok Usaha Ikan Hias Telaga Biru dalam meningkatkan usaha ekonomi anggota dan untuk mengetahui kendala-kendala yang dihadapi oleh Kelompok Usaha Ikan Has Telaga Biru Desa Parigimekar dalam menjalankan peranannya meningkatkan usaha ikan hias. Penilitian ini penting, karena organisasi kelompok usaha Ikan hias ini berdiri dengan inisiatif warga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka dengan Cara berbudidaya ikan hias secara mandiri dan menggunakan serta memanfaatkan media sumberdaya alam yang terbengkalai dengan melembagakan did membentuk organisasi lokal. Fenomena inilah yang menjadikan kelompok ini menarik untuk di teliti.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif yang di peroleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para informan dan observasi langsung terhadap kegiatan-kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan organisasi lokal yang diteliti yaitu Kelompok Usaha Ikan Hias 'Telaga Biru? Desa Parigimekar Kabupaten Bogor.Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini adalah Kelompok Usaha Ikan Hias Telaga Biru mempunyai upaya yang sangat signifikan dalam meningkatkan ekonomi anggota kelompok yang tinggal di Rukun Warga 01 dan Rukun Warga 02 dengan menggunakan Situ Ciseeng yang semula tidak termanfaatkan terbengkalai begitu saja kini menjadi media pembudidayaan ikan hias yang menjadi sumber pendapatan/penghasilan tetap mereka. Kelompok Usaha ikan Hias Telaga Biru merupakan organisasi lokal yang berbentuk membership (keanggotaan) namun dalam pelaksanaan kegiatannya cenderung berbentuk cooperafive (koperasi) karena di dalamnya mengutamakan kesejahteraan anggotanya.Faktor pendukung berkembangnya Kelompok Usaha Ikan Hias Telaga Biru adalah Kepercayaan dan adanya konsensus seluruh anggota. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi oleh Kelompok Usaha Ikan Hias Telaga Biru adalah terjadinya ketidakefektifan dalam organisasi yang disebabkan oleh rendahnya tingkat pendidikan para pengurus dan anggota, kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pengelolaan sumberdaya alam yang berkelanjutan sehigga mengancam keberlangsungan usaha ekonomi mereka, kesulitan pemasaran produk hasil ikan hias pada pihak konsumen lokal maupun luar negeri sehingga mempengaruhi penjualan produk ikan hias kelompok dan belum memaksimalkan pendapatan kelompok terutama untuk menangkap peluang permintaan konsumen luar negeri yang masih menggunakan pihak ketiga.Dengan adanya kendala yang dihadapi ini maka penulis menyarankan agar pihak organisasi melakukan beberapa hal yang sangat panting berkaitan dengan eksistensi organisasi di masa depan diantaranya adalah organisasi kelompok usaha ikan hias telaga biru harus melakukan usaha peningkatan kualitas sumberdaya manusianya dengan mengikutsertakan dalam pelatihan dan meningkatkan pendidikan para pengurus dan anggotanya, meningkatkan pengetahuan pemanfaatan sumberdaya aim yang berkelanjutan dengan cars bekerjasama dengan pemerintah daerah dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat yang kompeten, melakukan inovasi dalam memasarkan hasil praduksi ikan hias dengan Cara menggunakan teknologi (Internet) dan media massa serta elektronik sehingga mudah memperoleh konsumen lokal.dan intemasional."

"Koperasi Karyawan (Kopkar) Ubaya was founded in 1995 and had its legal status in accordance with the AKTE PENDIRIAN No. 8194/BH/KWIK/X/95 dated 23th November 1995

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"dari sekedar arisan atau kumpul-kumpul untuk pengajian,lahir berbagai ide cerdas dari ibu-ibu rumah tangga menghadapi ekonomi yang sedang carut marut..."