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"ABSTRACTSinar Iboe is a woman-orienteed rubric that a local press was published in West Kalimantan in 1928. This paper will discuss the idea that arises from the rubric and the impact of those ideas in the period of national movement. The method to do the research is historical research method. The results show that the ideas that surfaced from Sinar Iboe was different from other women rubrcis that emerged during the period of national movement in West Kalimantan. The Sinar Iboe rubric are more focused on the discussion of woman and their roles in public field like in social organization, education, and health."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai proses pemberdayaan perempuan melalui kredit mikro sistem Grameen Bank yang dilaksanakan oleh KMUM Cabang Jatiragas Karawang, Jawa Barat. Tujuannya adalah untuk menggambarkan proses pemberdayaan perempuan melalui kredit mikro sistem Grameen Bank dan faktorfaktor yang mendukung dan menghambat proses pemberdayaan perempuan tersebut. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di 3 desa, yaitu Desa Barugbug, Situdam dan Jatiwangi yang berada dalam lingkup Kecamatan Jatisari Karawang. Tiga desa ini dipilih karena dapat mewakili karakter anggota KMUM Jatiragas. Teknik pemilihan informan dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria tertentu. Studi literatur, wawancara mendalam dan pengambilan foto-foto untuk memperkaya data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan perempuan anggota KMUM Cabang Jatiragas, Karawang dikatakan berdaya jika: (1) usaha yang dijalankan mengalami kemajuan, (2) berkembangnya jenis usaha menjadi beragam, (3) bertambahnya aset yang dimiliki, (4) semakin meningkatnya kesejahteraan komunitas yang tergabung sebagai anggota KMUM Cabang Jatiragas Karawang.

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This thesis discussed on the process of women empowerment through micro credit using Grameen Banks System, which is managed by Koperasi Mitra Usaha Mandiri (KMUM) Branch of Jatiragas Karawang, West Java. It was aimed to describe women empowerment process through micro credit using Grameen Bank System and to the factors that support and blockage in the process of women empowerment. Purposive sampling was used in selecting informants based on certain criteria. Data collection used literature study, in depth interview and taken some pictures to enrich data. This research was conducted in 3 villages because the characters of members were various which were represented all members. They were involved as informants purposively because they knew and felt the benefit of becoming KMUM members. The result described that women empowerment were seen as the effect of joining in micro credit with Grameen Bank System were: (1) the business they run was succeed, (2) business commodities were various and expand to others, (3) the assets were increased, and (4) the community who joining in KMUM Cabang Jatiragas Karawang can increase their family welfare, especially in economy?s life. "

"Kondisi perempuan sebelum adanya organisasi Aisyiyah di Indonesia masih cukup memprihatinkan. Perempuan pada saat itu masih mengalami keterbelakangan, tidak terdidik serta awam dalam pemahaman agama. Maka kehadiran Aisyiyah membawa perubahan bagi perempuan hampir di seluruh Indonesia. DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu wilayah dimana organisasi Aisyiyah menebarkan kiprahnya. Penelitian ini membahas sejarah Aisyiyah DKI Jakarta, peran Aisyiyah terhadap perempuan muslim di DKI Jakarta, serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat Aisyiyah di DKI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara serta observasi laporan kegiatan dan data - data primer lainnya. Landasan Teoritis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pemberdayaan terhadap perempuan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Aisyiyah DKI Jakarta telah melakukan pemberdayaan perempuan muslim di DKI Jakarta pada beberapa bidang, yaitu: peningkatan literasi, kesejahteraan, perlindungan, serta pengembangan diri. Pemberdayaan ini tidak lepas dari dukungan Muhammadiyyah sebagai organisasi induk yang terus berusaha meningkatkan kepedulian terhadap masyarakat. Pemberdayaan ini lah yang menjadikan eksistensi Aisyiyah di DKI Jakarta mendapat dukungan dari berbagai pihak hingga saat ini karena manfaat yang terasa di masyarakat khusunya perempuan muslim. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa penghambat dalam organisasi Aisyiyah DKI Jakarta, antara lain: minimnya SDM, kurangnya sinergisitas antara pimpinan pusat dan cabang Aisyiyah DKI Jakarta, serta kurang profesionalnya kader Aisyiyah.

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The condition of women before the existence of the Aisyiyah organization in Indonesia was still quite apprehensive. Women at that time were still underdeveloped, uneducated and ignorant in understanding religion. So Aisyiyah's presence brought change for women in almost all of Indonesia. DKI Jakarta is one of the areas where the Aisyiyah organization spread its work. This study discusses the history of Aisyiyah DKI Jakarta, the role of Aisyiyah towards Muslim women in DKI Jakarta, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors for Aisyiyah in DKI Jakarta. The method used in this study is qualitative with interview techniques and observation of activity reports and other primary data. The theoretical basis used in this study is the empowerment of women. The results of this study indicate that Aisyiyah DKI Jakarta has empowered Muslim women in DKI Jakarta in several areas, namely: increasing literacy, welfare, protection, and self-development. This empowerment cannot be separated from the support of Muhammadiyah as the main organization which continues to increase awareness for the community. It is this empowerment that makes Aisyiyah's existence in DKI Jakarta receive support from various parties to date because of the benefits felt in society, especially Muslim women. In addition, there are several obstacles in the DKI Jakarta Aisyiyah organization, including: the lack of human resources, the lack of synergy between the central leadership and the DKI Jakarta Aisyiyah branch, and the lack of professionalism of Aisyiyah cadres."

"[Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan pemberdayaan perempuan, utilisasi layanan kesehatan dengan kematian perinatal di Indonesia tahun 2012. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder SDKI 2012. Sampel penelitian ini adalah semua WUS yang (15 ? 49 tahun) yang pernah melahirkan dalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir sebelum survei pada data SDKI 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pemberdayaan perempuan dengan kematian perinatal. Ada hubungan antara Utilisasi layanan kesehatan dengan kematian Perinatal. variabel lain yang signifikan mempengaruhi kejadian kematian perinatal adalah pendidikan, status ekonomi, jumlah kelahiran, komplikasi kehamilan dan komplikasi persalinan. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian perinatal adalah variabel utilisasi layanan kesehatan buruk pada kelompok status ekonomi rendah dengan Odds ratio

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The purpose of this study was determine the correlation of womens Empowerment, health service utilization with perinatal mortality in Indonesia in 2012. The research was quantitative, with cross sectional design using secondary data SDKI 2012. The sample was all womens aged 15 ? 49 years old who were respondent in data SDKI 2012 and has breathing in past five years before survey SDKI 2012. The results showed that the women?s empowerment has not correlation with perinatal mortality, health service utilization has relationship with perinatal mortality. The other variables that has significantly correlation with perinatal mortality are educational level, economic status, parity, breathing complications and pregnancy complications. Breathing complication was the most correlation factor with perinatal mortality (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 2.21-9.12). The purpose of this study was determine the correlation of women?s Empowerment, health service utilization with perinatal mortality in Indonesia in 2012. The research was quantitative, with cross sectional design using secondary data SDKI 2012. The sample was all womens aged 15 ? 49 years old who were respondent in data SDKI 2012 and has breathing in past five years before survey SDKI 2012. The results showed that the women?s empowerment has not correlation with perinatal mortality, health service utilization has relationship with perinatal mortality. The other variables that has significantly correlation with perinatal mortality are educational level, economic status, parity, breathing complications and pregnancy complications. Breathing complication was the most correlation factor with perinatal mortality (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 2.21 ? 9.12).;The purpose of this study was determine the correlation of women?s Empowerment, health service utilization with perinatal mortality in Indonesia in 2012. The research was quantitative, with cross sectional design using secondary data SDKI 2012. The sample was all womens aged 15-49 years old who were respondent in data SDKI 2012 and has breathing in past five years before survey SDKI 2012. The results showed that the womens empowerment has not correlation with perinatal mortality, health service utilization has relationship with perinatal mortality. The other variables that has significantly correlation with perinatal mortality are educational level, economic status, parity, breathing complications and pregnancy complications. Breathing complication was the most correlation factor with perinatal mortality (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 2.21 ? 9.12).;The purpose of this study was determine the correlation of women?s Empowerment , health service utilization with perinatal mortality in Indonesia in 2012. The research was quantitative, with cross sectional design using secondary data SDKI 2012. The sample was all womens aged 15 ? 49 years old who were respondent in data SDKI 2012 and has breathing in past five years before survey SDKI 2012. The results showed that the women?s empowerment has not correlation with perinatal mortality, health service utilization has relationship with perinatal mortality. The other variables that has significantly correlation with perinatal mortality are educational level , economic status, parity, breathing complications and pregnancy complications. Breathing complication was the most correlation factor with perinatal mortality (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 2.21 ? 9.12).;The purpose of this study was determine the correlation of women?s Empowerment , health service utilization with perinatal mortality in Indonesia in 2012. The research was quantitative, with cross sectional design using secondary data SDKI 2012. The sample was all womens aged 15 ? 49 years old who were respondent in data SDKI 2012 and has breathing in past five years before survey SDKI 2012. The results showed that the women?s empowerment has not correlation with perinatal mortality, health service utilization has relationship with perinatal mortality. The other variables that has significantly correlation with perinatal mortality are educational level , economic status, parity, breathing complications and pregnancy complications. Breathing complication was the most correlation factor with perinatal mortality (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 2.21 ? 9.12)., The purpose of this study was determine the correlation of women’s Empowerment , health service utilization with perinatal mortality in Indonesia in 2012. The research was quantitative, with cross sectional design using secondary data SDKI 2012. The sample was all womens aged 15 – 49 years old who were respondent in data SDKI 2012 and has breathing in past five years before survey SDKI 2012. The results showed that the women’s empowerment has not correlation with perinatal mortality, health service utilization has relationship with perinatal mortality. The other variables that has significantly correlation with perinatal mortality are educational level , economic status, parity, breathing complications and pregnancy complications. Breathing complication was the most correlation factor with perinatal mortality (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 2.21 – 9.12).]"

"Banyak penelitian dalam literatur kewirausahaan tertarik pada pertanyaan tentang mengapa seseorang memiliki atau tidak memiliki niat untuk membuat usaha mereka sendiri, terutama pada generasi muda seperti Gen Z dengan seperangkat nilai dan kreativitas baru. Dengan jumlah bisnis yang terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, seiring dengan jumlah wanita di industri bisnis yang semakin meningkat. Meningkatnya jumlah perempuan pengusaha dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah munculnya pemberdayaan perempuan di kalangan generasi baru. Teori perilaku terencana juga telah dipelajari dalam banyak studi bisnis sosial mengenai niat kewirausahaan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberdayaan dan niat berwirausaha di kalangan perempuan Generasi Z. Ini juga berfokus pada pemeriksaan peran efikasi diri, norma subjektif, dan sikap terhadap pengambilan risiko dalam membentuk niat kewirausahaan. Untuk mendukung penelitian ini, kuesioner disebarkan kepada 202 perempuan yang lahir antara tahun 1997-2004 di Indonesia. Kuesioner yang disebarkan memiliki jenis pertanyaan tertutup, pertanyaan skala Likert. Software SEM-PLS digunakan untuk menganalisis penelitian ini.Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa subjective norm dan attitude toward risk-taking yang dimiliki perempuan di Indonesia memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap entrepreneurial intention. Namun, empowerment dan self-efficacy telah ditemukan memiliki pengaruh negatif dalam niat kewirausahaan dimana penelitian ini menemukan bahwa memiliki empowerment dan self-efficacy tidak selalu mengarah terhadap kegiatan berusaha. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa subjective norm memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap entrepreneurial intention. Artinya, wanita di kalangan Gen Z menunjukkan kecenderungan tertinggi untuk memulai usaha mereka sendiri ketika mereka mendapat dukungan dari orang-orang di sekitar mereka atau yang pendapatnya mereka hargai yang juga menyarankan mereka untuk mempunyai bisnis sendiri.

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Many researches in entrepreneurial literature have been interested in the question regarding why an individual has or has not the intention to generate their own venture, especially in the young generation such as Gen Z with their own new set of values and creativity. With the number of businesses continuously increasing over the years, along with the number of women in the business industry has increased. The rising number of women entrepreneurs can be caused by many factors, one of them being the rise of women empowerment among the new generations. The theory of planned behavior has also been studied in many social business studies regarding entrepreneurial intentions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between empowerment and entrepreneurial intention among Generation Z females. It also focuses on examining the role of self-efficacy, subjective norm, and attitude toward risk-taking on shaping entrepreneurial intention. To support this study, a questionnaire is distributed to 202 females that are born between the years 1997-2004 in Indonesia. The questionnaire that is spread is a close-ended type of question, the Likert scale questions. SEM-PLS Software is used to analyze this study.

The results revealed that the subjective norm and attitude toward risk-taking of young women in Indonesia have a significant influence on their intention to pursue entrepreneurial endeavors. However, empowerment and self-efficacy has been found to have a negative influence in entrepreneurial intention as this research found that having empowerment and self-efficacy does not specify towards the act of entrepreneurship. The data analysis shows that subjective norm have the biggest impact on entrepreneurial intention. That is to say, female Gen Z showed the highest propensity to launch their own enterprise when they have the support from the people around them or whose opinions they value that also have a preference for them to have their own business."

"Tesis ini membahas proses penguatan institusi pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan miskin melalui kooperasi simpan pinjam perempuan suara ibu peduli di kelurahan cilandak barat, kalibata, dan pejaten timur jakarta selatan. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode PRA dan analisis SWOT. tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan perkembangan koperasi, faktor penunjang, dan penghambat koperasiserta strategi pemberdayaan yang tepat untuk pengembangan koperasi.Hasil penelitian menympulkan bahwa diperlukan tindakan penguatan kelompok untuk meningkatkan kualitas koperasi suara ibu peduli di kelurahan Cilandak Barat, sedangkan koperasi suara ibu kelurahan Kalibata dan Pejaten timur memerlukan penguatan sistem kaderisasi guna pengembangan kelompok koperasi.

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This thesis discusses the process of strengthening the institutions of economic empowerment of poor women through savings and loan cooperation for women who care about mothers in the West Cilandak Village, Kalibata, and Pejaten Timur South Jakarta. This research is qualitative descriptive with the PRA method and SWOT analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the differences in the development of cooperatives, supporting factors, and inhibitors of cooperatives and empowerment strategies that are appropriate for cooperative development.

The results of the study concluded that group strengthening actions were needed to improve the quality of maternal voice cooperatives in the West Cilandak village, while the mother voice cooperative in Kalibata and East Pejaten needed a strengthening of the regeneration system for the development of cooperative groups."