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"Man above 50 years old as women who experience menopause, will show certain and specific problems . Middle age man often has a group of complaints, symptoms and syndromes that almost the same as women...."

"Proses penuaan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan fungsi kognitif pada lansia. Penurunan kognitif dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan lansia dalam melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari. Sampel diambil dari populasi menggunakan tekhnik random sampling. Sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 51 responden. Analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Mann whitney. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner dengan 37 pertanyaan dimana sebelumnya dilakukan uji validitas. Dari hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan hasil nilai p value 0,007 dimana dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara fungsi kognitif dengan kemampuan lansia melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya dilakukan eksperimen tentang intervensi yang tepat untuk mencegah penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia.

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Aging process causes some changes in the cognitive function of the elderly. The weakening cognitive ability may affect the capability of the elderly to perform activity daily living. Samples here are taken from the population by random sampling. The samples in this research consist of 51 respondents. The analysis used here is Bivariate analysis using Mann whitney test. Questionnaires are used as an instrument, consisting 37 questions where prior validity test is conducted. The bivariate analysis shows a result of p value 0.007, which concludes that there is a meaningful relationship between cognitive function and the activity daily living of elderly. This research further suggests the importance of conducting experiment on the right intervention to prevent the weakening of cognitive function of the elderly."

"Pendahuluan. Proses penuaan merupakan kondisi gangguan fungsi akibat penurunan integritas fisiologis yang dapat menjadi faktor risiko penyakit utama lain. Proses penuaan diakibatkan radikal bebas dan kondisi stres oksidatif sehingga dapat mempercepat proses penuaan. Kondisi ini menyebabkan peningkatan mediator proinflamasi, penurunan kognisi dan kekuatan otot. Berdasarkan studi, Acalypha indica Linn (AI) menunjukkan efek antioksidan dan antiinflamasi. Ekstrak tanaman herbal AI juga diketahui dapat menekan sitokin proinflamasi, meningkatkan kognisi dan kekuatan otot. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh AI dalam proses penuaan melalui perlakuan terhadap tikus Sprague-Dawley (SD) tua. Metode. Tikus SD terdiri dari Tikus SD tua (n=21) dan Tikus SD muda sebagai pembanding (n=6). Tikus SD tua dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak etanol AI 250 mg/kg berat badan), kontrol negatif, dan kontrol positif (vitamin E 6 IU). Kognisi tikus SD diuji menggunakan metode Y-maze sebelum dan selama perlakuan melalui uji setiap minggu. Perlakuan diberikan tikus selama 28 hari. Pada hari ke-29, kekuatan otot tikus dilakukan dengan metode grip test, setelah itu tikus diterminasi dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar interleukin-6 darah menggunakan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hasil. Ditemukan penurunan kadar IL-6 darah (p=0,02) dan peningkatan kekuatan otot (p=0,032) yang signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan (AI) dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Namun, tidak memperlihatkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kognisi tikus (p>0,05). Kesimpulan. Ekstrak etanol AI dapat menurunkan kadar IL-6 darah dan meningkatkan kekuatan otot tikus SD tua, tetapi tidak memberikan efek yang signifikan terhadap kognisi tikus SD tua. Dibutuhkan penelitian lanjutan untuk melihat lebih jauh dan mendalam mengenai potensi AI sebagai agen antipenuaan.

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Objectives. Aging is a condition of impaired function due to the decrease of physiological" "integrity that can be a risk factor for another disease. Aging process is caused by free radicals and oxidative stress that can increase proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6. Acalypha indica Linn (AI), is widely used as a herbal medicine. Studies have shown that AI have antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects and known to suppress proinflammatory cytokines, improve cognition and muscle strength. We aimed to study the effects of AI in the aging process through treatment on aged Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Methods. Old (n=21) and young SD rats as a comparison group (n=6). Aged rats were divided into treatment group (AI ethanolic extract 250mg/kg bodyweight), negative control, and positive control (6IU vitamin E). SD rats cognition was tested (Y-maze method) before and during treatment every week. Treatment was given for 28 days. On the 29th day, muscle strength was tested (grip test). SD rats were terminated and measured for its blood interleukin-6 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results. Decrease in blood IL-6 levels (p=0.02) and an increase in muscle strength (p=0.032) significantly was found in the treatment group (AI) compared to negative control. Statistics did not show significant differences in rats cognition (p>0.05).

Conclusions. AI ethanolic extracts can reduce blood IL-6 levels and increase muscle strength on aged SD rats, but did not have a significant effect on its cognition. More research is needed to look further about the potential of AI as an antiaging agent."

"The Handbook of the Psychology of Aging has become the definitive reference source for information on the psychology of adult development and aging. It provides comprehensive reviews of research on biological and social influences on behavior and age-related changes in psychological function. The seventh edition of the Handbook will contain all new material and include an entirely new section devoted to what neuroscience has discovered on cognitive aging. Contains all the main areas of psychological gerontological research in one volume Entire section on neuroscience and aging Begins with a section on theory and methods Edited by one of the father of gerontology (Schaie) and contributors represent top scholars in gerontology"

"Pengaruh perlakuan penuaan terhadap temperatur transformasi paduan ingat bentuk TiNi. Telah dilakukan penelitian temperatur transformasi paduan ingat bentuk TiNi akibat pertakuan penuaan. Paduan dengan komposisi Ti-50,04% at.Ni sebagai paduan ingat bentuk diberikan perlakuan perautan pada 1000°C selama 1 jam dan dicelupkan kedalam air kemudian dituakan pada temperatur 500 °C, 550 °C, 600 °C, 650 °C dan 700 °C selama 10 jam. Temperatur transformasi ditentukan dari pengukuran resistansi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa temperatur transformasi martensit mengalami kenaikan sekitar 4°C akibat proses penuaan pada 500°C selama 10 jam, tetapi penuaan dengan temperatur 500 °C - 700 °C selama 10 jam tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang berarti terhadap temperatur transformasi.

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Effect of aging treatment on the transformation temperature of a TiNi shape memory alloy. Investigation of transformation temperature of a TiNi alloy due to aging treatment has been done. The shape memory alloy with Ti-50.04 % at.Ni composition was solution treated at 1000 °C for 1 hour and quenched in water, then aged in temperature 500 °C, 550 °C, 600 °C, 650 °C and 700 °C for 10 hours. Transformation temperature was measured using resistance measurement technique. The results of observation show that the martensitic transformation temperature increases about 4 °C after aging process at 500 °C for 10 hours, but in aging temperature 500 °C - 700 °C, there no significant change of the transformation temperature."