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"Though quarantine disinfestation treatments have been exempt from the methyl bromide phase out, it is still required to research and develop alternative treatments for fumigation of plant material in transit...."

"ABSTRACTThe bacterial blight (BB) disease severity on two rice genotypes i.e.; BP 4110-2d-33 (backcross between Ciherang x Angke; containing Xa-4, xa-5) and BP 3688e-23 (sister lines derived from cingri/memberamo//widas///IRBB 8; containing xa-8) were lower compare with TN-1 (containing Xa-14). The total amino acid content in cultivar?s TN-1 was accounted for about one third to about a half of total amino acid than those of other rice genotypes where the totalamino acid was ranging from 1.95% to 4.22%. In BP 3688e-23, and BP 3688e-22 genotypes more amino acid levelswere decline although these advance lines showing xa-8background. BB resistant gene carried by BP 4110-2d-33 andBP 3688e-23 were stable, whilst BP 3688e-22 was less effective to inhibit BB disease severity. Overall, amino acidswere not found to be related to the level of BB resistance; where correlation between amino acid content and BBdisease severity is not significant. The slower growth of Xoo on rice genotypes BP 4110-2d-33 and BP 3688e-23 mayprobably due to other than nutritional factors. The degree of resistance in rice genotypes infected by races of pathogen;as well as the resistance gene possessed by genotype BP 3688e-23 need to be further determined. "

"National Cotton Acceleration Program (Program Akselerasi Kapas Nasional, PAKN) being incepted in East Sumba since 2008 has created three forms of resistance among female farmers in Tanamanang Village. The first form of resistance includes referring to the PAKN cotton as “project’s cotton,” which represents a negative inference, and can becategorized into a form of symbolic resistance. The second resistance is an open resistance since the actions can be observed in the female farmers’ daily routines. This form of resistance is done by defying the PAKN rules, such as the farming method and the sales agreement. The third form of resistance can be regarded as assertion resistance, whichv is done by rejecting the cotton demonstration plot being implemented in their front and back yard."

"Sebagian besar perkebunan karet di Sumatera Selatan mengalami penurunan produksi karena dampak penyakit gugur daun. Penyakit ini sebagian besar disebabkan oleh persebaran jamur Oidium sp., Colletotrichum sp., dan Pestalotiopsis sp. Oleh karena itu, pembangunan model berbasis indeks vegetasi NDRE, GNDVI, VARI, dan ARVI, yang bertujuan untuk mendeteksi persebaran penyakit ini dianggap penting. Penelitian dilakukan di Perkebunan Pusat Penelitian Karet Sembawa dengan memanfaatkan data UAV multispektral yang telah diproses menggunakan OBIA, serta survei lapangan. Dari 623 sampel data, 70% digunakan untuk pelatihan model, sementara 30% sampel digunakan untuk pengujian model. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan Google Earth Engine dan visualisasi dilakukan dengan ArcGIS Pro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan model memiliki tingkat akurasi pelatihan secara keseluruhan di atas 0,7, dengan model GNDVI + NDRE + VARI menonjol dengan tingkat akurasi pelatihan yang paling baik. Namun, model tersebut menunjukkan kinerja yang buruk dalam pengujian dengan nilai akurasi validasi yang rendah, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model belum dapat memprediksi penyakit tanaman karet dengan baik. Selain itu, dari hasil analisis kondisi fisik ditemukan bahwa kondisi suhu dan curah hujan di perkebunan karet Sembawa berada pada nilai optimal yang mendukung pertumbuhan dan penyebaran ketiga jenis jamur penyebab penyakit tersebut.

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South Sumatra plays a crucial role as Indonesia's main rubber exporter, making it a flagship commodity. However, most rubber plantations in South Sumatra face declining production due to leaf fall disease, primarily caused by the fungi Oidium sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Pestalotiopsis sp. Therefore, developing a vegetation index-based model using NDRE, GNDVI, VARI, and ARVI to detect the spread of this disease is considered essential. The study was conducted at the Sembawa Rubber Research Center Plantation, utilizing multispectral UAV data processed with OBIA and field surveys. Of the 623 data samples, 70% were used for model training, while 30% were used for model testing. Data processing was performed using Google Earth Engine, and visualization was done with ArcGIS Pro. Results showed that all models had overall training accuracy above 0.7, with the GNDVI + NDRE + VARI model standing out with the best training accuracy. However, this model performed poorly in testing, with low validation accuracy, indicating its inability to predict new data. Additionally, physical condition analysis revealed that the temperature and rainfall conditions in the Sembawa rubber plantation were optimal, supporting the growth and spread of the three disease-causing fungi."

"Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) adalah komoditas sayuran dengan ancaman penyakit hawar daun bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Pantoea sp. dalam produksinya. Pemanfaatan agen biokontrol dari bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan akar tanaman berpotensi tinggi menghasilkan mekanisme penghambatan patogen pada tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri agen biokontrol yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan patogen Pantoea sp., mempelajari karakterisasi dan mekanisme aktivitas agen biokontrol dalam penghambatan patogen Pantoea sp., serta mengidentifikasi isolat bakteri agen biokontrol. Kultur bakteri kandidat agen biokontrol diisolasi dari tanah perakaran tanaman bawang merah di lahan pertanian bawang merah di Cirebon dan Majalengka, Jawa Barat, serta Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Pengujian aktivitas meliputi uji antagonisme dan karakterisasi aktivitas biokontrol (produksi enzim protease, kitinase, selulase, siderofor, hidrogen sianida, ammonia, peroksidase dan aktivitas katalase) secara in vitro. Identifikasi isolat bakteri agen biokontrol dengan dilakukan gen 16S rRNA dan dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh 5 isolat rizobakteri (I-8, L1-9, L1-12, BM-L3(2), dan BM-L3(3)) yang memiliki kemampuan antagonis terhadap patogen Pantoea sp. penyebab penyakit hawar daun bakteri pada bawang merah. Kelima isolat tersebut menunjukkan hasil positif pada uji aktivitas enzim protease, kitinase, selulase, siderofor, hidrogen sianida, ammonia, peroksidase dan aktivitas katalase. Hanya isolat BM-L3(2) yang tidak memiliki kemampuan dalam produksi enzim kitinase. Isolat BM-L3(2) dan BM-L3(3) teridentifikasi sebagai Brevibacillus schisleri dan Bacillus sp., sedangkan isolat I-8, L1-9, dan L1-12 teridentifikasi sebagai Streptomyces rochei berdasarkan sifat morfologi, analisis sekuens 16S rRNA, dan kekerabatan pada hasil rekonstruksi pohon filogeni.

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Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is vegetable commodity that has the threat of bacterial leaf blight caused by Pantoea sp. in its production. Utilization of biocontrol agents from bacteria associated with plant roots has high potential to produce pathogen inhibition mechanisms in plants. This research aims to obtain bacterial isolates of biocontrol agents that are able to inhibit the growth of Pantoea sp., study the characterization and mechanism activity of biocontrol agents, and identify bacterial of biocontrol agents. Bacterial of biocontrol agent candidates were isolated from root soil of shallot plants in Cirebon, Majalengka, and Brebes. The activity of the antagonism and biocontrol charaterization (enzyme production of protease, chitinase, cellulase, siderophore, HCN, ammonia, peroxidase and catalase) was tested by in vitro. Identification of biocontrol agent bacterial with the 16S rRNA gene was carried out and continued with phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Based on the results of the study, 5 rhizobacterial isolates (I-8, L1-9, L1-12, BM-L3(2), and BM-L3(3)) were obtained that have antagonism activity as biocontrol agent bacteria against the pathogen Pantoea sp. causing bacterial leaf blight in shallots. The five isolates showed positive results in the enzyme activity tests of protease, chitinase, cellulase, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, peroxidase, and catalase. Only isolate BM-L3 (2) does not have the ability to produce chitinase enzyme. Isolates BM-L3(2) and BM-L3(3) were identified as Brevibacillus schisleri and Bacillus sp., while isolates I-8, L1-9, and L1-12 were identified as Streptomyces rochei based on morphological characters, 16S rRNA sequence analysis, and kinship on phylogeny tree reconstruction results."