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"Sculptured surface machining technology is increasing its role in modern manufacturing. Products? surfaces become more complicated each day and require technology that is able to perform machining processes more accurately, precisely and take lesser time and cost. Nowadays, CAM helps so much on these matters. One of the difficulties in performing sculptured surface machining process is machining on feature which can not be reached by ordinary 3 axis machining process, called closed bounded volume (CBV).The thesis is discussing the development of algorithm that not only can analyze a model as a whole, but also can automatically detect CBV on a model, which is a 3D faceted model, through Paired Normal Vectors Bucketing (PNVB). And the algorithm also automatically generates tool path for multi axis roughing on the CBV. The algorithm development and the model analysis are worked based on faceted model in STL file format. As the result, the algorithm has successfully detected CBV in a complex-shaped model and listed the tool?s coordinates and orientations during machining process on the CBV."

"Proses manufaktur memerlukan fungsi CAM yang dapat berinteraksi antara mesin dan computer, dimana visualisasi dari bentuk benda diperoleh dari software CAD . Dalam prosesnya dari sistem CAD memerlukan metode penghubung yaitu CAM agar mesin dapat berfungsi. Contohnya adalah mesin CNC (Computer Numerical Controlled). Perkembangan hingga saat ini sudah sampai tahap pemesinan 5 axis. Salah satu bagian penting dan harus ada dalam sebuah sistem CAM adalah pendeteksian dan penghindaran interferensi (gouging) antara pahat dengan model.Dalam penelitian ini, diimplementasikan metode pendeteksian dan penghindaran interferensi untuk pemesinan 5 axis. Banyak metode yang berkembang guna penyempurnaan 5-wris machining. Dan penelitian ini dikhususkan hanya pada kasus lekukan surface yang diindentifikasi sebagai ruang terbatas. Dalam pemesinan 5 axis, vektor orientasi mata pahat yang bergerak sepanjang lintasan pada sebuah material tidak hanya berposisi tegak sejajar sumbu z, namun vektor orientasi pahat sesuai dengan vektor normal titik dimana pahat bisa melakukan inklinasi pada kasus pemakanan bidang Iengkung (non planar) yang dimaksud dan mendeteksi bidang terbatas tertutup. Penelitian Iebih difokuskan bagaimana cara pahat untuk mendeteksi alur yang melengkung tersebut dan berinklinasi sesuai dengan bidang ye makanannya.

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Process of Manufacture needs CAM interaction function able to between and machine of computer, where visualization of object form obtained from CAD software. In course of him of system of CAD need link method that is CAM so that machine can function. The example is machine of CNC (Computer Numerical Control). Growth till in this time has until phase of machining 5 axes, One part of the important and there must be in a CAM system is detection and evasion of interference ( gouging) between chisel with modelIn this research, detection method implementation and evasion of interference for machining 5 axis. Much method expanding to utilize completion 5-axis machining. And this research is majored only at hollowing case of surface which identification as volume bounded. In machining 5 axis, vector orient peripatetic chisel eye as long as trajectory at a material do not only have parallel straightening position of z tinder, but orientation vector chisel as according to normal vector of dot where chisel can conduct inclination at tortuous area accrue case ( such non-planar) and detect area of closed bounded volume. Research more focused how to chisel to detect the tortuous path and inclination as according to it's accrue area."

"Penelitian mengenai pendeteksian terhadap ruang terbatas proses pemesinan awal 5 Axis, merupakan salah satu bagian dalam pengembangan sistem CAM yang berbasis model faset 3D. Ruang terbatas dibedakan menjadi 2 bagian yaitu ruang terbatas terbuka dan ruang terbatas tertutup. Perbedaan ruang terbatas terbuka dan ruang terbatas tertutup yaitu perlunya orientasi pahat untuk proses pengerjaan ruang terbatas tertutup.Dalam penelitian ini pendeteksian ruang terbatas dilakukan dengan mendeteksi kebertumpukan segitiga dalam bidang x dan y dan perbedaaan arah vektor normal terhadap sumbu radius pahat. untuk mendapatkan hasil deteksi pahat pada ruang terbatas, penulis mengembangkan algoritma-algoritma dalam mengolah data yang berupa STL file. Metode yang telah dikembangkan ini kemudian di uji terhadap beberapa model produk dan mampu memberikan informasi mengenai adanya ruang terbatas dan areanya.

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The research concerning of bounded volume detection method for roughing process in multi-axis milling is one of a section to develop CAM system wich based on faceted model 3D. The bounded volume have 2 part wich very important, that is close boundary volume and open Boundary volume. The differences of open boundary volume and close boundary volume is tool oriented needed in machining process for close boundry volume.

In this research. Boundary volume will be get with detection of stacking of triangle and the differences of normal vector with normal angle of radius tool. To get bounded volume detection result, The writer develop algorithms to processing of STL file. The method which have been developed will be test to some models product and can give information regarding the existence of bounded volume area."

"Researches on computer vision are greatly developed today. The main idea is to make machine be able to recognize an object. One of practical application on computer vission for example is real time face recognition system...."

"Penelitian mengenai pendeteksian terhadap ruang terbatas proses pemesinan awal 5 Axis, merupakan salah satu bagian dalam pengembangan sistem CAM yang berbasis model faset 3D. Ruang terbatas dibedakan menjadi 2 bagian yaitu ruang terbatas terbuka dan ruang terbatas tertutup. Perbedaan ruang terbatas terbuka dan ruang terbatas tertutup yaitu perlunya orientasi pahat untuk proses pengerjaan ruang terbatas tertutup.Dalam penelitian ini pendeteksian ruang terbatas dilakukan dengan mendeteksi kebertumpukan segitiga dalam bidang x dan y dan perbedaaan arah vektor normal terhadap sumbu radius pahat. untuk mendapatkan hasil deteksi pahat pada ruang terbatas, penulis mengembangkan algoritma-algoritma dalam mengolah data yang berupa STL file. Metode yang telah dikembangkan ini kemudian di uji terhadap beberapa model produk dan mampu memberikan informasi mengenai adanya ruang terbatas dan areanya.

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The research concerning of bounded volume detection method for roughing process in multi-axis milling is one of a section to develop CAM system wich based on faceted model 3D. The bounded volume have 2 part wich very important, that is close boundary volume and open Boundary volume. The differences of open boundary volume and close boundary volume is tool oriented needed in machining process for close boundry volume.

In this research. Boundary volume will be get with detection of stacking of triangle and the differences of normal vector with normal angle of radius tool. To get bounded volume detection result, The writer develop algorithms to processing of STL file. The method which have been developed will be test to some models product and can give information regarding the existence of bounded volume area."

"Many types of networks exist today. Internet is the biggest network on the face of the earth. The objective of networks and telecommunications is to move information electronically from one place to another. Now it has become an emerging technology which widespread to various sides of life. There are many creative ways for an organization to use this kind of emerging technology to give themselves a competitive advantage.This paper proposes a web-based and platform-independent miling system and an integration of a simulation system with it. A prototype web-based milling system has been developed using Java and Virtual Reality Modeling Language. The user can easily make and send NC-code files and simulate the movement of cutting tool from a web browser. This web-based system, which attached with CNC EMCO TU-3A milling machines as the training unit machines in educational institutions, shorten the cycle time of production process and provided direct access via internet."

"Pembuatan mini impeller telah dikembangkan sebagai jawaban atas kebutuhan terhadap mini turbine untuk pembangkit listrik mini. Mini impeller yang dibuat dapat digunakan sebagai rotor turbin ataupun kompresor pada pengembangannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ada dua, yaitu melakukan pengembangan lintasan pahat untuk mini impeller dan melihat sejauh mana mesin milling 5-axis berukuran makro dapat digunakan untuk membuat mini impeller.Penelitian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap, yaitu membuat desain impeller, melakukan pengembangan lintasan pahat dan simulasi, dan melakukan pembuatan komponen melalui proses pemesinan 5-axis. Dari lintasan pahat dan parameter pemesinan yang dikembangkan, dua buah mini impeller dengan diameter 54 mm dan 27 mm berhasil diproduksi. Hasil proses pemesinan menunjukkan mini impeller dengan diameter 54 mm memiliki blade dengan ketebalan 0.6 mm sedangkan mini impeller dengan diameter 27 mm memiliki blade dengan ketebalan 0.3 mm. Geometri impeller hasil proses pemesinan telah sesuai dengan desain pada saat pemodelan.

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The development of mini impeller has been made in response to the needs of the mini-turbine for mini power plant. The mini impeller that has been made has diameter of 54 mm and blade thickness of 0.6 mm that can be used as a compressor or turbine rotor in its development. There are two purpose of this study, to develop the tool path generation for mini impellers and to see how far the macro size 5-axis milling machine can be used to make mini impellers.This research was conducted with several stages, such as designing the impeller, Developing and simulating the tool path generation, and making the component by using 5-axis milling machine. From the tool path generation and machining parameters developed, two mini impellers with diameter of 54 mm and 27 mm respectively have been successfully produced. The machining result shows that mini impeller with diameter of 54 mm has blade with thickness of 0.6 mm meanwhile another one with diameter of 27 mm has blade with thickness of 0.3 mm. The geometry of mini impellers by machining processes is in accordance to the modeling design."

"Sistem pengenalan wajah yang menggunakan pendekatan klasik sejauh ini belum dapat memberikan hasil optimal jika dihadapkan pada tantangan oklusi. Tantangan oklusi yang dikaji pada penelitian ini adalah saat wajah menggunakan masker. Jika seseorang menggunakan aplikasi sistem pengenalan wajah dengan harus membuka masker terlebih dahulu di tempat umum tentunya sangat berbahaya untuk keselamatan dan kesehatan semua pihak. Sehingga dibutuhkan sistem pengenalan wajah yang memiliki performa sistem yang tinggi dengan tantangan oklusi masker. Penelitian ini membangun sistem pengenalan wajah bermasker dengan pendekatan holistic dan partial face. Metode ekstraksi fitur yang digunakan adalah penggabungan metode kurvatur yang menggunakan turunan parsial orde satu dan dua dengan metode analitik seperti gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) dan multi-resolution analysis (MRA) seperti transformasi wavelet diskrit (DWT), scale-space (SS) dan wavelet packet transform (WPT). Pada penelitian ini juga ditemukan kriteria baru (keterbaruan penelitian) yang dinamakan curvature best basis (CBB) untuk memilih basis pada algoritma best basis di dalam WPT. Kriteria baru pemilihan basis terbaik bersifat dinamis dan menggunakan nilai tertinggi dari ukuran statistik standar deviasi dari kurvatur rerata pada koefisien wavelet. Basis terbaik bekerja sebagai fitur terekstraksi yang bekerja di dalam sistem pengenalan. Penelitian ini dievaluasi menggunakan dataset RFFMDS v1.0, RFFMDS v2.0 EYB, dan UBIPr. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengenalan wajah dengan tantangan oklusi masker berhasil dibangun menggunakan pendekatan holistic dengan akurasi pengenalan sistem sebesar 98,11% dan dengan pendekatan partial face dengan akurasi sebesar 98,80%. Kedua hasil akurasi terbaik ini diperoleh dengan metode curvature best basis. Performa sistem pengenalan yang menggunakan metode curvature best basis dengan pendekatan holistic maupun partial face menunjukkan performa tertinggi dibandingkan dengan performa penelitian sebelumnya.

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The face recognition system has not been able to produce satisfactory results when it applies classical approach to handle occlusion problems. This research evaluated masked face as the occlusion problem. If someone wants to use the face recognition system, he or she needs to take off the mask to accurately use the device. This becomes a risk for the safety to all party. The needs to have a stable high performance face recognition system has arisen. This research built the face recognition system with two approaches, holistic approach and partial face approach. The feature extraction method was combination of curvature of the first and second order of partial derivative and analytical methods such as gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and multi-resolution analysis (MRA) of discrete wavelet transform (DWT), scale-space (SS), and wavelet packet transform (WPT). A new dynamic criterion inside WPT has been proposed using the highest standard deviation from the mean curvature of wavelet coefficients. The single selected best basis works as extracted feature inside recognition system and it is called curvature best basis. The recognition system was evaluated using RFFMDS v1.0, RFFMDS v1.0 EYB, and UBIPr datasets. The results showed that the accuracy of the holistic approach was 98,11% and the accuracy of the partial face approach was 98,80% for the masked face recognition system. Both results derived from the proposed curvature best basis. The recognition system’s performance with curvature best basis overcome the results from previous works."

"Printed Circuit Board (PCB) merupakan suatu board atau papan yang mengkoneksikan komponen-komponen elektronik secara konduktif. PCB telah menjadi salah satu penyumbang terbesar sampah elektronik yang berada hampir di seluruh benda elektronik seperti telfon genggam, televisi, komputer, dan sebagainya. Salah satu metode daur ulang yang dapat dipakai untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan metode mechanical milling. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai pengaruh variasi waktu dan proses pirolisis pada wet milling menggunakan Process Control Agent (PCA) berupa ethanol terhadap evolusi ukuran partikel dari limbah printed circuit board. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi waktu wet milling 1 jam, 2 jam, dan 3 jam dengan rasio 3:1 pada kecepatan osilasi sebesar 700 hertz. Hasil milling kemudian dianalisis menggunakan SEM-EDS dan PSA. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan pada studi ini adalah waktu milling yang lebih lama akan menghasilkan partikel yang lebih kecil. Selain itu, proses pirolisis yang dilakukan memberikan kontribusi terhadap proses milling akibat terjadinya dekomposisi pada partikel PCB yang memudahkan penghancuran partikel menjadi lebih kecil.

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Print Circuit Board (PCB) is a board that connects electronic components conductively. PCBs have become one of the biggest contributors of electronic waste which are found in almost all electronic objects such as mobile phones, televisions, and computers. One recycling method that can be used to overcome this problem is through Mechanical Milling method. These research will discuss about the effect of time variations and the pyrolysis process in wet milling using ethanol as the Process Control Agent (PCA) on the particle size evolution of printed circuit board waste. This research uses variations in wet milling time of 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours with a ratio of 3:1 at an oscillation speed of 700 hertz. The milling results were then analyzed using SEM-EDS and PSA. The conclusion obtained in this research is that a longer milling time will produce smaller particles. Apart from that, the pyrolysis process contributes to the milling process due to decomposition of the PCB particles which makes it easier to fracture the particles into smaller ones."