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"Mycotoxins wich are secondary metabolites of fungi contaminate agricultural products such as corn and have deleterious effects on human and animal...."

"The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of water deficit on the growth and yield of corn . The variety of corn used in this research was new and doesnt have market label. This research in conducted under plastic house on the experimental farm of Lampung University from August to October 2007..."

"[Target swasembada jagung di tahun 2016 perlu untuk dikaji ulang ketercapaiannya, karena target tersebut diiringi dengan beberapa kebijakan lainnya, seperti : penahanan stok di pelabuhan, pencabutan lisensi impor jagung oleh swasta, pemusatan manajemen stok jagung kepada Bulog. Apabila kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut tetap diimplementasikan di tengah kondisi pasar domestik yang kekurangan suplai, maka target swasembada jagung tahun 2016 akan menjadi malapetaka bagi para produsen pakan ternak yang memerlukan suplai jagung secara teratur. Studi ini ditujukan untuk meramal pencapaian target swasembada jagung di tahun 2016 dengan cara meramal produksi dan konsumsi pada tahun 2016 menggunakan beberapa alternatif metode : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable dan Recursive Model. Hasilnya, Indonesia akan mencapai swasembada jagung pada tahun 2016 dengan surplus sebesar 189.918 ton jagung pipilan kering dengan kadar air 25%. Namun mengingat kebutuhan industri pakan yang merupakan jagung pipilan kering dengan kadar air 15%, maka volume produksi yang menyusut akan membuat perhitungan di tahun 2016 malah menjadi defisit sebesar 2,51 juta ton. Apabila Indonesia ingin menutup defisit tersebut, diperlukan lahan jagung sebesar 4,3 juta hektar atau produktifitas lahan sebesar 63 kuintal per hektar.

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Corn self-sufficiency target in 2016 feasibility needs to be revisited because the program brings along several policies, such as : stock restricting at the ports, private’s import license abolishing and centering stock management to Bulog. Unless the domestic market being surplus, the policies implemented will cause a menace for livestock feed producers—for they need a regular corn supply. This study aims to forecast whether the target is going to be achieved by forecasting corn production and consumption in 2016 using several methods : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable and Recursive Model. The result shows that Indonesia is forecasted to achieve corn self-sufficiency by 2016; shown by a surplus of 189.918 tonne (with 25% moisture content). However, it is should be considered that feed-mill industry needs corn with 15% moisture content—and drying the corn shrinks its mass; leading to decrease of surplus and even change it into deficit of 2.51 million tonne. If Indonesia aims to self-suffice the deficit, then Indonesia needs 4.3 million hectares of corn land or land productivity of 6.3 tonne per hectare.

;Corn self-sufficiency target in 2016 feasibility needs to be revisited because the program brings along several policies, such as : stock restricting at the ports, private’s import license abolishing and centering stock management to Bulog. Unless the domestic market being surplus, the policies implemented will cause a menace for livestock feed producers—for they need a regular corn supply. This study aims to forecast whether the target is going to be achieved by forecasting corn production and consumption in 2016 using several methods : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable and Recursive Model. The result shows that Indonesia is forecasted to achieve corn self-sufficiency by 2016; shown by a surplus of 189.918 tonne (with 25% moisture content). However, it is should be considered that feed-mill industry needs corn with 15% moisture content—and drying the corn shrinks its mass; leading to decrease of surplus and even change it into deficit of 2.51 million tonne. If Indonesia aims to self-suffice the deficit, then Indonesia needs 4.3 million hectares of corn land or land productivity of 6.3 tonne per hectare.

;Corn self-sufficiency target in 2016 feasibility needs to be revisited because the program brings along several policies, such as : stock restricting at the ports, private’s import license abolishing and centering stock management to Bulog. Unless the domestic market being surplus, the policies implemented will cause a menace for livestock feed producers—for they need a regular corn supply. This study aims to forecast whether the target is going to be achieved by forecasting corn production and consumption in 2016 using several methods : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable and Recursive Model. The result shows that Indonesia is forecasted to achieve corn self-sufficiency by 2016; shown by a surplus of 189.918 tonne (with 25% moisture content). However, it is should be considered that feed-mill industry needs corn with 15% moisture content—and drying the corn shrinks its mass; leading to decrease of surplus and even change it into deficit of 2.51 million tonne. If Indonesia aims to self-suffice the deficit, then Indonesia needs 4.3 million hectares of corn land or land productivity of 6.3 tonne per hectare.

;Corn self-sufficiency target in 2016 feasibility needs to be revisited because the program brings along several policies, such as : stock restricting at the ports, private’s import license abolishing and centering stock management to Bulog. Unless the domestic market being surplus, the policies implemented will cause a menace for livestock feed producers—for they need a regular corn supply. This study aims to forecast whether the target is going to be achieved by forecasting corn production and consumption in 2016 using several methods : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable and Recursive Model. The result shows that Indonesia is forecasted to achieve corn self-sufficiency by 2016; shown by a surplus of 189.918 tonne (with 25% moisture content). However, it is should be considered that feed-mill industry needs corn with 15% moisture content—and drying the corn shrinks its mass; leading to decrease of surplus and even change it into deficit of 2.51 million tonne. If Indonesia aims to self-suffice the deficit, then Indonesia needs 4.3 million hectares of corn land or land productivity of 6.3 tonne per hectare.

, Corn self-sufficiency target in 2016 feasibility needs to be revisited because the program brings along several policies, such as : stock restricting at the ports, private’s import license abolishing and centering stock management to Bulog. Unless the domestic market being surplus, the policies implemented will cause a menace for livestock feed producers—for they need a regular corn supply. This study aims to forecast whether the target is going to be achieved by forecasting corn production and consumption in 2016 using several methods : OLS, ARIMA, Time Trend Variable and Recursive Model. The result shows that Indonesia is forecasted to achieve corn self-sufficiency by 2016; shown by a surplus of 189.918 tonne (with 25% moisture content). However, it is should be considered that feed-mill industry needs corn with 15% moisture content—and drying the corn shrinks its mass; leading to decrease of surplus and even change it into deficit of 2.51 million tonne. If Indonesia aims to self-suffice the deficit, then Indonesia needs 4.3 million hectares of corn land or land productivity of 6.3 tonne per hectare.

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"In this reform era; government determines a new policy in developing each region. Every regional government now has its own autonomy in planning, funding and allocating its profit, which is gained by itself. It is a great opportunity to all regions, which have rich natural resources.The fact above motivates us to develop a new business, which use natural resources to take a profit, like in agribusiness. We consider that Kabupaten Cirebon fits our criterion, because ( 1 ) its location is not far from Jakarta, (2) we have known this region since six years ago and (3 ) it has quite rich of natural resources.In implementing our aim, we establish a new company in the form of ?Perseroan Terbatas? (Limited Company - abbreviated as ?PT?), which is named PT Margo Karya Dipa. We make a comprehensive business plan to accommodate and to facilitate our aim to be true. In this comprehensive business plan, we can know the characteristic of agrìbusiness like competition, market and prospect rate of return. We hope that this business plan can help our company to grow and give us profitable return.As a start-up, Margo will explore hybrid corn plantation. In the future, Margo will develop its business through another commodity in agribusiness and also in another sector like financial sector, animal husbandry and other investment in natural resources."

"ABSTRACTLabel time-temperature indicator TTI telah banyak diteliti dan sebagian telah dimanfaatkan secara komersil karena mampu memberikan informasi perubahan warna akibat paparan suhu selama periode waktu tertentu. Informasi kondisi suatu produk dapat diketahui dengan cepat melalui perubahan warna yang dapat diamati, selain itu riwayat produk juga dapat diketahui karena label TTI bersifat irreversibel, sehingga mempercepat konsumen dalam membuat keputusan terkait pembelian produk tersebut. Label TTI telah banyak memanfaatkan bahan alam yang mengandung antosianin sebagai zat warna karena antosianin memiliki rentang perubahan warna yang luas pada spektrum cahaya tampak. Ekstrak zat warna dari alam dipilih sebagai bahan sensor indikasi temperatur karena aman digunakan pada kemasan produk pangan. Ekstrak dari jagung hitam diteliti sebagai kebaruan bahan label TTI, yang diimobilisasi pada matriks dari chitosan dengan perbandingan 1:3 ekstrak:matriks agar ekstrak dapat menjadi label film. Selain itu, matriks juga diberi tambahan plasticizer gliserol dan glutaraldehyde 1 untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanisnya. Hasil pengkondisian pH dan pengukuran spektrum absorbansi ekstrak jagung hitam pH 2-13 menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak memiliki rentang perubahan warna dari merah pH 2 ke kuning pH 13. Kestabilan ekstrak paling tinggi terjadi pada pH 2 sehingga eksperimen dilakukan di pH 2. Hasil uji perubahan warna label terhadap temperatur menunjukkan label berubah warna dari ungu ke biru ke kuning, dengan perubahan warna paling cepat terjadi pada suhu tinggi 40 oC dan paling lambat terjadi pada suhu rendah 25 oC. Label dari ekstrak jagung hitam berfungsi dengan lebih optimal pada RH ruang dibandingkan pada kondisi RH 33. Selanjutnya, uji reversibilitas memperlihatkan bahwa label dari ekstrak jagung hitam bersifat irreversibel yang merupakan salah satu syarat label untuk menjadi time temperature indicator. Penelitian ini berpotensi untuk dikembangkan secara komersil yaitu pada kemasan produk pangan.

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ABSTRACTTime temperature indicator TTI labels have been widely researched and some have been commercially exploited because they provide color change information due to exposure to temperature over a period of time. Information on the condition of a product can be known quickly through color changes that can be observed directly. In addition, the product history can also be known because the TTI label is irreversible, thus helping consumers in making quicker decisions to purchase such products. Most TTI labels nowadays are utilizing natural ingredients that contain anthocyanins as dyes due to its wide range of colors in the visible light spectrum. Extracts from nature was chosen as temperature sensing indication material because most of them are food grade, safe to use on food product packaging. In this study, extract from black corn was examined as a novelty of TTI label material which was immobilized with a matrix made of chitosan with a ratio of matrix to extract was 1 3, to turn the extract into a film label. In addition, plasticizers of glycerol and glutaraldehyde 1 were also mixed to the matrix to improve its mechanical properties. The results of pH conditioning and absorbance spectra measurement of black corn for pH 2 13 showed that the extract had a color range from red pH 2 to yellow pH 13. The highest extract stability occurred at pH 2 so that the experiment was done in this pH value. The experiment results of the label color change due to temperature show that the labels change color from purple to blue to yellow, with the fastest color changes occurred at high temperatures 40 C and the slowest occurred at low temperatures 25 C. Labels from black corn extract functioned more optimally in room RH compared to RH of 33 . Furthermore, the reversibility test shows that the label from black corn extract is irreversible which is one of the conditions for a label to be a time temperature indicator. This research has the potential to be developed commercially, for example as food product packaging."

"Inflamasi umumnya diterapi dengan obat Antiinflamasi Non Steroid (AINS) yang memiliki efek samping serius, seperti gangguan saluran cerna, sehingga perlu dicari terapi lain yang memiliki efek samping yang lebih ringan, salah satunya digunakan infus rambut jagung (Zea mays L.). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek antiinflamasi infus rambut jagung yang diberikan secara oral ditinjau terhadap penurunan udem pada telapak kaki tikus yang diinduksi dengan karaginan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode Winter yang telah dimodifikasi pada 25 ekor tikus putih jantan, yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok I, II dan III diberikan infus rambut jagung, yaitu 1,8; 3,6 dan 7,2 g/200 g BB, kelompok IV yang diberikan natrium diklofenak 27 mg/200g BB sebagai kontrol positif dan kelompok V diberikan CMC 0,5% sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis I, II, dan III memiliki efek antiinflamasi ditinjau dari penurunan volume telapak kaki. Berdasarkan persentase penghambatan udem, dosis III memiliki potensi antiinflamasi yang lebih besar daripada dosis I dan II. Bahan uji ketiga dosis tersebut memiliki potensi lebih kecil daripada natrium diklofenak.

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AbstractInflammation is usually treated by Non-steroid Antiinflammatory Drug (NSAID) that has seriously side effect in gastrointestinal tract. So, we need to find another therapy that has lower side effect than them, which is infusa corn silk (Zea mays L.). The aim of this study was to determined antiinflammatory effect of infusa corn silk which had been given orally, reviewed to decrease edema on hind paw of male rats induced by carrageenan. This study used Winter method that had modified at 25 male rats which had been divided into five groupes. Group I, II and III had been given with infusa corn silk each of them 1,8; 3,6 dan 7,2 g/200 g BW, group IV had been given diclofenac sodium 27 mg/200 g BW as positive control, and group V had been given orally and CMC 0.5% as negative control. The results showed dose I, II, and III have antiinflammatory effects in terms of decreased foot volume. Based on the percentage inhibition of edema, dose III has the potential antiinflammatory greater than dose I and II. Three doses of test substance has the potential smaller than diclofenac sodium. "

"ABSTRAKPenelitian torrefaksi bonggol jagung telah dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh laju alir nitrogen terhadap yield dan komposisi bonggol jagung yang dihasilkan melalui proses torrefaksi. Pengaruh laju alir nitrogen diteliti dengan memvariasikan laju alir nitrogen sebesar 0,3 L/min, 0,5 L/min, dan 0,7 L/min dengan masing-masing variasi laju alir nitrogen dilakukan pada 3 variasi suhu torrefaksi, yaitu 250oC, 275oC, dan 300oC. Proses torrefaksi berlangsung di reaktor tubular dengan holding time 20 menit, heating rate 10oC/menit, dan total massa umpan 15 gram. Identifikasi pengaruh laju alir nitrogen dilakukan dengan menganalisis bonggol jagung hasil torrefaksi dengan menggunakan karakterisasi FTIR, Ultimate, dan Thermogravimetri Analysis (TGA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh laju alir nitrogen terhadap yield dan komposisi bonggol jagung hasil torrefaksi. Semakin besar laju alir nitrogen maka yield dari bonggol jagung hasil torrefaksi akan semakin kecil. Semakin besar laju alir nitrogen, kandungan oksigen dalam bonggol jagung hasil torrefaksi akan semakin berkurang dan kandungan karbonnya meningkat. Kandungan oksigen setelah torrefaksi menurun hingga 38% pada saat suhu torrefaksi 300oC dengan laju alir nitrogen sebesar 0,7 L/min sementara kandungan karbonnya meningkat hingga 44% bila dibandingkan dengan bonggol jagung umpan torrefaksi, rasio C/O meningkat dari 0,95 menjadi 2,19 dan rasio C/H meningkat dari 6,9 menjadi 13,99. Berdasarkan karakterisasi FTIR seiring semakin besar laju alir nitrogen maka gugus fungsi fenol, guaiacol, catechol, dan ether akan semakin tinggi. Data karakterisasi TGA menunjukan bahwa laju alir nitrogen tidak berpengaruh terhadap suhu pirolisis dari bonggol jagung yang sudah ditorrefaksi. Suhu torrefaksi adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi dari suhu pirolisis bonggol jagung yang sudah ditorrefaksi.

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ABSTRACTTorrefaction of corn cobs has been carried out to study the effect of nitrogen flow rate on yield and torrefied corn cobs composition produced through torrefaction. The effect of nitrogen flow rate was investigated by varying the nitrogen flow rate by 0,3 L/min, 0,5 L/min, and 0,7 L/min with each nitrogen flow rate variation performed on 3 torrefaction temperature variations are 250oC, 275oC, and 300oC. Torrefaction process takes place in a tubular reactor with a holding time of 20 minutes, a heating rate of 10oC/ minute, and a total feed mass of 15 grams. Identification of the effect of nitrogen flow rate was carried out by analyzing the torrefaction corn cobs using FTIR, Ultimate, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) characterizations. The results of this study indicate that nitrogen flow rate affects yield and torrefied corncobs composition. The greater the nitrogen flow rate, the lower is the yield of torrefied corn cobs. The greater the flow rate of nitrogen, the lower is the oxygen content in the corn cobs and the higher is the carbon content. The oxygen content after torrefaction decreased up to 38% when the torrefaction temperature was carried out at 300oC with a nitrogen flow rate of 0.7 L/min while the carbon content increased by 44%, the C/O ratio increased from 0,95 to 2,19 and the C/H ratio increased from 6,9 to 13,99. Based on FTIR characterization, increasing nitrogen flow rate increases the functional groups furan, phenol, guaiacol, catechol, and ether. Based on the TGA characterization, the nitrogen flow rate did not affect the pyrolysis temperature of the torrefied corn cobs. Torrefaction temperature is a factor that influences the pyrolysis temperature of torrefied corn cobs."

"ABSTRAKProduksi tanaman jagung yang meningkat setiap tahunnya menghasilkan limbah tanaman jagung salah satunya batang jagung. Pemanfaatan limbah batang jagung sebagian besar hanya dibiarkan dan dibakar yang mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai material limbah batang jagung dengan memanfaatkan batang jagung sebagai bahan utama pembuatan papan partikel yang dapat diproduksi skala industri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat papan partikel menggunakan bahan utama batang jagung dengan jenis perekat Urea Formaldehyde (UF) dan Phenol Formaldehyde (PF), setiap perekat menggunakan konsentrasi 8%, 10% dengan suhu kempa panas 130 dan 150℃. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian meliputi pengujian fisis dan mekanis dengan berbasis pada persyaratan standar SNI. Metode penelitian menggunakan design of experiment. Hasil terbaik yang didapatkan adalah komposisi batang jagung dengan menggunakan jenis perekat PF, konsentrasi 8% dan suhu kempa panas 130℃ karena komposisi tersebut masuk ke dalam standar SNI papan partikel tipe 8. Hasil riset juga menjelaskan adanya peningkatan nilai yang signifikan dari batang jagung yang sebelumnya merupakan limbah pertanian yang hampir tidak bernilai menjadi material yang dapat memberikan keuntungan secara ekonomis

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ABSTRACTThe production of corn plants which increases every year produces corn waste such as corn stalks. Mostly, corn stalk wastes are left and burned that could make some environment issues. Therefore this study aims to increase the value of corn stalk waste material by using corn stalks as the main material for making particle boards that can be produced for an industrial scale. This research was carried out by making particle boards using the main ingredients of corn stalk with Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) adhesives, each adhesive using a concentration of 8%, 10% with hot press temperature 130 ℃ and 150 ℃. Then the testing includes physical and mechanical testing based on SNI standard (Indonesian Standard) requirements. This research uses design of experiment as the method. The best results obtained were the composition of the corn stalk using PF adhesive type, with 8% concentration and hot press temperature 130 ℃ because the composition was included in the SNI type 8 The results also explained that there was a significant improvement from the previous corn stalk that mostly wasted and non-valuable as a material that can provide economic benefits"