Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"One of attempts to increasing water quality in white shrimp (Penaeus merguensis) cultivation by using exact water biota (macromedian) with recirculation system. The effective macro median composition as follows : sea grass (Choulerpa serulata), belanak fish (Mugil subvirindis),green oyster (Mytillus virindis)...."

"This paper discusses about distribution , potential and also fishiries aspect of economically important prawns and shirps. Due to the illegal logging and over exploitation of those shrimps, we need more information to know the fishiries regulations, especially the catch management and culticvation in an environmentally friendly area."

"White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the prime shrimp commodities cultivated in Indonesia. As such, the discoveryof more efficient seed production techniquesfor this species is deemed necessary. Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum)extract containsthe cholesterol precursor called lanosterol, a phytosterol which is used by crustaceans to form the animal steroid hormone that is very crucial in their reproduction. Hence, this research aimed to determine the ovary development of mature L. van namei individuals injected with the Karamunting ethanol extract. The experiment was carried out in several stages.Firstly,injecting the white shrimp at the base of the 5th leg, every 3 days for 15 days with variable control dosage 0 (C), 10 mg/kg BW (T1), 7.5 mg/kg BW (T2), 5 mg/kg BW (T3), 2 mg/kg BW (T4) and 1 mg/kg BW (T5), where BW is Body Weight. Secondly, isolating the white shrimp parent ovary. Thirdly, measuring the progesterone level in the ovary using the Radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. Fourthly, observing the histology of white shrimp parent ovary and, finally, analyzing the data. Measurements of the increase in progesterone levels showed that the administration of karamunting ethanol extract significantly affected the progesterone production (P˂0.05). Histology observations of gonadal development in the control, T5 and T4 showed that the cells developed to previtellogenesis oocytes whereas in treatment T1, T2 and T3 ovary cells developed into endogenous vitellogenesis oocytes and only in T1 did the ovarian cells develop to form exogenous vitellogenesis oocytes. Karamunting extract significantly increased the oocyte sizes(P˂0.05). At the start of the experiment, the average oocyte sizes wereat 15.57 ± 3.15 μm At the end of the experiment, the Control was at 25.29 ± 2.69 μm and the ovarian treatments produced the following oocyte sizes; T1 at 65.65 ± 2.64 μm, T2 at 63.98 ± 3.06 μm, T3 at 39.12 ± 6.01 μm, T4 at 28.08 ± 0.84 μm and T5 at 27.65 ± 0.71 μm. The extract produced oocyte sizes greater than at the beginning of maintenance and control. Apparently, the lanosterol in the karamunting extract had increased the hormone progesterone resulting in an accelerated gonadal maturity and enlargement of oocyte sizes in the parent individuals of the white shrimp"

"ABSTRAKTesis ini menganalisa mengenai proses investigasi Amerika Serikat (AS) ataskasus Frozen Warmwater Shrimp Subsidies yang menyangkut Indonesia yangdinilai telah melakukan subsidi dan merugikan industri domestik AS. Konsistensiantara proses tindakan anti-subsidi (CVD) yang dilakukan otoritas investigasi ASdan ketentuan WTO khususnya Agreement on Subsidies and CountervailingMeasures (ASCM) akan dilihat dalam tesis ini. Penulisan tesis ini menggunakanmetode penelitian hukum normatif dengan hasil preskriptif. Hasil penelitianmenyarankan agar memastikan proses penyelidikan yang dilakukan AS terhadapIndonesia dan tindakan pemerintah Indonesia dalam membuktikan dirinya tidakbersalah sesuai dengan hukum WTO, sehingga penyimpangan terhadappemakaian tindakan anti-subsidi dapat dihindari demi kepentingan perdaganganinternasional bagi seluruh anggota WTO. Selain itu, WTO perlu memberikanperhatian lebih terhadap isu dominansi negara-negara maju dalam menerapkantindakan anti-subsidi terhadap negara-negara berkembang yang dapat dijadikanalasan untuk sikap proteksi atas industri domestik negara-negara maju tersebutatau kepentingan-kepentingan lainnya.

---

ABSTRACTThis thesis analyzes the process of investigation of the United States (US) onFrozen Warmwater Shrimp Subsidies case against Indonesia who had committedsubsidies and cause injury to the US domestic industry. The consistency betweenprocess of anti-subsidy measures (CVD) who conducted by US investigationauthorities and the provisions of WTO especially the Agreement on Subsidies andCountervailing Measures (ASCM) will be viewed in this thesis. This thesis usesthe method of normative legal research as to result in a prescriptive advice. Theresults of the study suggest that ensures the investigation process conducted byAS against Indonesia and the Indonesian Government measures to prove hisinnocence in accordance with the WTO law, so that deviations from the use ofanti-subsidy measures can be avoided in the interest of international trade for allWTO members. Moreover, the WTO needs to pay more attention to the issue ofdominance of developed countries in implementing anti-subsidy measures againstdeveloping countries that can be used as an excuse for protectionism on thedomestic industry of the developed countries or other interests."

"ABSTRAKPesisir Semarang merupakan daerah lokasi tambak udang yang potensial. Namun produksinya tidak stabil. Jenis udang yang dibudayakan di Kota Semarang awalnya merupakan jenis udang windu Panaeus monodon sp namun pada pertengahan tahun 1990 terjadi penurunan produksi, sehingga petambak mulai beralih ke udang vanamei. Litopenaeusvannamei. Namun belum semuanya berubah ke udang vanamei. Tujuandari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dinamika spasial budidaya udang wilayah pesisir Semarang. Metode Pengumpulan data dengan memanfaatkan citra Landsat dan survei kepada petambak. Pendekatan keruangan menggunakan analisis Spasial dan deskriptif dari data yang telah didapatkan di lapangan. Citra tahun 1996 hingga 2018 digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi penurunan tambak. Hasil Penelitian menujukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan jumlah Tambak yang ada di Semarang dari tahun 1996 hingga tahun 2018 dan adanya penggantian jenis budidaya udang di semarang tepatnya di Kecamatan Genuk. Faktor utama penyebab penurunan tambak merupakan faktor fisik sedangkan penggantian jenis bududidaya disebabkan oleh faktor Nilai Jual, Kerentanan dan Pengolahan.

---

ABSTRACTSemarang coastal area is a shrimp pond site potential. But the production isunstable. The kind of shrimp that cultivated in Semarang coastal originally were only black tiger shrimps Panaeus Monodon sp but in mid 1990, the production of this shrimp was decreased, so shrimp farmers began to switch to Vanamei shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. But not all of the farmers havechanged to Vanamei Shrimp. The aim of this research is to describe this spatial dynamics of shrimp culture in the coastal area of Semarang. Theme thod of data collection in this research are using Landsat imagery and surveys to the farmers. While the method analysis is using Spatial and descriptive Analysis from data obtained in the field. The Landsat Imagery of year 1996 to 2018 is used to identify the declining of shrimp ponds. The results of the study showed that in the coastal area of Semarang there was adecline in the number of shrimp ponds from 1996 to 2018. The research shows that there is a decrease in the number of the existing ponds in Semarang from the year 1996 to the year 2018 and the change of type of shrimp being cultivated Semarang namely in Genuk Distict. The main factors that cause the decline of ponds is a physical factor whereas the change of shrimp being cultivated are caused by Sell Value, vulner ability and Management Factors."

"Shrimp farms generates wastewater which contain high concentration of ammonia and nitrate produced from feed residue and shrimp secretion. This study aimed to analyse concentration changes of ammonia and nitrate in shrimp farm wastewater by applying Biofloc Technology (BFT) combined with Effective Microorganisms 4 (EM4), and to determine the optimum concentration of EM4 in reducing ammonia and nitrate concentration. Experiment was carried out for 30 days in laboratory scale using three treatment tanks sized of 40x25x30 cm3. Each tanks equipped with aerator 7 L/min and lamp 30 watts contains different EM4 concentration: 3 ml/l; 5 ml/l; and 7 ml/l, 15 liters of fresh water, and 20 young shrimps. By the end of observation in all three treatment tanks, water parameter such as DO was recorded in ranged between 4.11-4.48 mg/l, pH 7.7-8.4, and temperature 29.1-30.7oC. Nutrients level include ammonia and nitrate were declined with the maximum removal of ammonia concentration from each treatment tank for EM4 3 ml/l, 5 ml/l, and 7 ml/l were 74.1%, 84.2%, and 88.9%, whereas for nitrate were 68.4%, 72.6%, and 83.7%, respectively. Ammonia and nitrate concentration were reduced to about 0.634 mg/l and 1.261 mg/l, respectively. Dosage EM4 of 7 ml/l was considered as the optimum concentration in reducing ammonia and nitrate concentration. It can be concluded that combination of BFT and EM4 is successfully work in removing ammonia and nitrate wasted in shrimp farm wastewater and maintain the nutrients and water quality in the safety level so that potential to be used as water recycle for shrimp aquaculture"

"[ABSTRAKTerdapatnya upaya tangkap udang dogol (Metapenaeus ensis, De Haan1844 ) di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya yang berlebih maka perlu dilakukanpenelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika populasi, tingkat pemanfaatandan optimasi pemanfaatan udang dogol di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya.Penelitian dilaksanakan di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya dari bulan Januari 2013sampai Desember 2014. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei denganpengambilan sampel udang dogol yang tertangkap oleh alat tangkap arad dantrammel net. Analisis dinamika populasi menggunakan program FiSAT II danpengkajian potensi lestari dianalisis dengan menggunakan model surplus produksidalam menentukan Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). Optimasi pemanfaatandilakukan dengan analisis Linier Programming terhadap aspek-aspek yang terkaitdengan pemanfaatan udang dogol.Udang dogol di perairan ini memiliki pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif,dengan nilai Lc > Lm yang menunjukkan sebagian besar udang dogol yang tertangkapdi perairan ini sudah memijah. Nilai parameter pertumbuhan yaitu L∞: 55.8 mm, K:1,18 per tahun, to: 0,1129, Z: 7,09 per tahun, M: 0,8 per tahun, F: 6,29 per tahun, danE: 0,88. Nilai E menunjukkan tingkat pemanfaatan sudah melebihi batas ekploitasidan sudah terjadi overfishing. Pendugaan MSY dan f-Opt sebesar 57 ton/tahun dan392 unit alat tangkap standar trammel net. Skenario optimasi pemanfaatan udangdogol di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya yang paling menguntungkan dan lestariadalah dengan mengoperasikan 392 unit jaring trammel net dengan keuntungan Rp.35,2 milyar per tahun.

---

ABSTRACTThere were an excessive fishing effort of greasyback shrimp (MetapenaeusEnsis, De Haan 1844) in Cilacap Waters, so it is necessary to study the populationdynamics, the level of utilization and optimization of greasyback shrimp in Cilacapwaters. Research was conducted in Cilacap and surrounding waters from January2013 to December 2014. The method used was survey method using samples ofGreasyback Shrimp that were caught by fishing gear Arad and trammel net. Analysisof population dynamics used FiSAT II program. Assessment of the maximumsustainable yield was analyzed using surplus production models in order to determinethe Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). The optimization of the utilization of LinearProgramming was done using analysis of aspects related to the use of greasybackshrimp.Greasyback Shrimp growth in the Cilacap waters moreover negativeallometric, with a value of Lc> Lm which show that most of Greasyback Shrimpcaught with fishing gear used in waters Cilacap already in spawning condition. Valueof growth parameters L∞: 55.8 mm, K: 1.18 per year, to: 0.1129, Z: 7.09 per year,M: 0.8 per year, F: 6.29 per year, and E: 0.88. The value of E indicate that theutilization rate has exceeded the limits of exploitation (overfishing). Base on surplusproduction models analysis estimation of MSY was 57 tons / year while f-Opt forand 392 units using standard trammel net fishing gear. Optimization scenarios ofGreasyback Shrimp in the Cilacap waters was the use of the most profitable andsustainable ways to operate 392 units trammel nets with a net profit of Rp. 35.2billion per year, There were an excessive fishing effort of greasyback shrimp (MetapenaeusEnsis, De Haan 1844) in Cilacap Waters, so it is necessary to study the populationdynamics, the level of utilization and optimization of greasyback shrimp in Cilacapwaters. Research was conducted in Cilacap and surrounding waters from January2013 to December 2014. The method used was survey method using samples ofGreasyback Shrimp that were caught by fishing gear Arad and trammel net. Analysisof population dynamics used FiSAT II program. Assessment of the maximumsustainable yield was analyzed using surplus production models in order to determinethe Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). The optimization of the utilization of LinearProgramming was done using analysis of aspects related to the use of greasybackshrimp.Greasyback Shrimp growth in the Cilacap waters moreover negativeallometric, with a value of Lc> Lm which show that most of Greasyback Shrimpcaught with fishing gear used in waters Cilacap already in spawning condition. Valueof growth parameters L∞: 55.8 mm, K: 1.18 per year, to: 0.1129, Z: 7.09 per year,M: 0.8 per year, F: 6.29 per year, and E: 0.88. The value of E indicate that theutilization rate has exceeded the limits of exploitation (overfishing). Base on surplusproduction models analysis estimation of MSY was 57 tons / year while f-Opt forand 392 units using standard trammel net fishing gear. Optimization scenarios ofGreasyback Shrimp in the Cilacap waters was the use of the most profitable andsustainable ways to operate 392 units trammel nets with a net profit of Rp. 35.2billion per year]"

"Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui beberapa aspek biologi udang yang tertangkap trammel net dan didaratkan di PPS Cilacap (hubungan panjang berat, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, CPUE, dan MSY), menentukan status keberlanjutan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap komoditas udang di Kabupaten Cilacap, dan menentukan strategi pengelolaan secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di PPS Cilacap pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2012. Metode yang digunakan adalah sample survey terhadap udang yang ditangkap oleh kapal trammel net yang mendaratkan hasil tangkapannya di PPS Cilacap. Sedangkan untuk analisis status keberlanjutan menggunakan Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH), dan untuk menyusun prioritas strategi menggunakan metode Proses Hirarki Analitik (AHP).Udang jerbung, udang dogol, udang windu, dan udang krosok yang tertangkap dan didaratkan di PPS Cilacap mempunyai sifat pertumbuhan alometrik negatif dengan nilai b < 3, yaitu pertambahan panjang lebih cepat daripada pertambahan beratnya. Hasil perhitungan nisbah kelamin menunjukkan udang jerbung jantan lebih lebih banyak daripada udang jerbung betina, sedangkan untuk jenis udang lainnya menunjukan jenis kelamin betina lebih banyak daripada jenis kelamin jantan. Hasil pengamatan TKG menunjukkan bahwa di PPS Cilacap udang jerbung paling banyak ditemukan dengan TKG 4 (27,4%), udang dogol TKG 0 (44,9%), udang windu TKG 0 (53,7%), dan udang krosok TKG 0 (43 %), sedangkan untuk TKG 1, 2, dan 3 lebih sedikit ditemukan. Status keberlanjutan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap komoditas udang di Kabupaten Cilacap adalah dimensi ekologis 83,6 (berkelanjutan), ekonomi 52,15 (cukup berkelanjutan), sosial 58,75 (cukup berkelanjutan), teknologi 93,11 (berkelanjutan), dan etika 53,41 (cukup berkelanjutan). Apabila dilihat secara multidimensi, kegiatan perikanan tangkap komoditas udang dengan alat tangkap trammel net di Kabupaten Cilacap dalam kondisi cukup berkelanjutan (nilai indeks 70,04).Strategi yang perlu dilakukan dalam pengelolaan perikanan tangkap komoditas udang di Kabupaten Cilacap berdasarkan skala prioritas adalah 1) Pengaturan zonasi penangkapan udang, 2) Peningkatan akses nelayan terhadap pendidikan, 3) Pengaturan hak kepemilikan dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya udang, 4) Penentuan ukuran udang yang diperbolehkan ditangkap, 5) Pelatihan cara penanganan hasil tangkapan untuk menjaga mutu, 6) Pengaturan upaya penangkapan udang, 7) Sosialisasi penangkapan ramah lingkungan, 8) Pengembangan alat tangkap yang efisien, 9) Peningkatan peran lembaga terkait, dan 10) Penyusunan peraturan daerah tentang pengelolaan perikanan tangkap komoditas udang.

---

Cilacap waters has a great fisheries potential resources, especially shrimps. The study aims to know some aspects of the biology of shrimp are caught by trammel net and landed in the PPS Cilacap (length weight relationship, sex ratio, gonad maturity level, CPUE, and MSY), determine the status of sustainable management of shrimp fisheries commodities in Cilacap, and determine strategies sustainable management. The research carried out in PPS Cilacap in March until June 2012. The method used is a sample survey of shrimp caught by trammel net vessels operating in the Cilacap waters and landing their catch in PPS Cilacap. The analysis of shrimps sustainability status using Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH), and prioritize strategies using Analytical Hierarchy Process method (AHP).

White/Banana shrimps, greasyback shrimps, tiger shrimps, and rainbow shrimps are caught by trammel net and landed in PPS Cilacap have negative allometric growth with value of b <3, that?s main the growth of length is sooner rather than increase the weight. Sex ratio for jerbung shrimps much more male than female, and for the others of shrimps female more than the male sex. Gonad Maturity Level (GML) indicate that the PPS Cilacap for white/banana shrimps most abundant with GML 4 (27.4%), greasyback shrimps at GML 0 (44.9%), tiger shrimps at GML 0 (53.7 %), and rainbow shrimps at GML 0 (43%), while for GML 1, 2, and 3 are less common. Sustainability status of fisheries management in shrimp commodity in Cilacap are for the ecological dimension 83.6 (sustainable), economic, 52.15 (enough sustainable), social 58.75 (enough sustainable), technological 93.11 (sustainable), and ethics 53.41 (enough sustainable). When viewed as a multidimensional, commodity shrimp fishing activities by trammel net in Cilacap is enough sustained (index value of 70.04).

Strategy needs to be done in the management of shrimp fisheries commodities in Cilacap upon priorities are 1) Setting for fishing ground, 2) Increased access to education fishermen, 3) The ownership rights in the resource use shrimp, 4) Determination of the permitted size of shrimp caught, 5) Training the handling of the catch to keep the quality, 6) Setting the shrimp fishing effort, 7) Dissemination of environmentally fishing, 8) Development of fishing gear are efficient, 9) Increase the role of relevant institutions, and 10) Preparation of local regulations on the management of shrimp fisheries commodities."