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"Tesis ini membahas bagaimana regulasi Risk Bases Capital (RBC) atau batas Tingkat Solvabilitas Minimum membatasi dan mengarahkan keputusan keuangan, praktik akuntansi serta pada gilirannya aspek perpajakan perusahaan asuransi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Ketentuan RBC banyak bersinggungan dengan aspek investasi perusahaan, Implikasi yang ditemukan terkait dengan penilaian kekayaan perusahaan asuransi, penilain risiko yang melekat pada kekayaan tersebut, pelaporan kekayaan dalam mata uang asing, serta aspek mitigasi risiko mismatch perusahaan asuransi. Selain itu muncul permasalahan akibat adanya kesenjagnan ketentuan RBC dengan ketentuan perpajakan yang berlaku hingga saat penulisan tesis ini. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya penelitian lebih jauh atas hubungan manajemen risiko dengan aspek perpajakan pada lembaga-lembaga keuangan. Lembaga keuangan mempunyai potensi pajak yang besar, namun trade off antara tujuan regulator yang cenderung konservatis dan tujuan sistem perpajakan merupakan masalah tersendiri."

"Pajak korporat merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai akhir laba bersih sebuah perusahaan. Namun seberapa besar pengaruh dari pajak korporat itu sendiri ditentukan oleh dua buah faktor yaitu tarif pajak korporat dan sistem pengenaan pajaknya yaitu berupa penentuan pendapatan kena pajak dan beban-beban yang diizinkan untuk menjadi pengurang dari pengenaan pajak sebuah perusahaan. Yang menjadi pokok pembahasan pada skripsi ini adalah seberapa besar pengaruh tarif pajak dan sistem pengenaan pajak terhadap laba bersih, serta bagaimana jikalau pengaruh dari tarif pajak dan sistem pengenaan pajak tersebut dibandingkan diantara kedua negara yaitu : Amerika Serikat dan Indonesia. Negara manakah yang memiliki efek total pajak yang paling besar terhadap laba bersihnya dan apakah pengaruhnya membuat laba bersih semakin konservatif ataukah sebaliknya."

"The currency or foreign exchange (FX) market is the largest financial market in the world, with trading volumes surpassing $1,9 trillion a day. Although primarily dominated by a worldwide network of interbank traders, a new era of internet-base communication technologies has recently allowed individual investors to gain direct access to this popular and profitable market. Trading in the foreign exchange market is an alternative tool for investment other than investing in stock market.The tax issues on gain from foreign exchange trading tend to be disorienting since there are no tax circular that regulates the implementation of foreign exchange trading in Indonesia. Since the absence of specific income tax law on gain from forex trading, this research attempts to explain the nature of foreign exchange trading itself, then it will describe the difference between the US Income tax treatment and the Indonesian income tax treatment on gain on forex trading followed by the conclusion to propose the right alternative tax treatment to be implemented in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative approach with descriptive technique. Library study, field study and benchmarking are chosen to gather the information. The field study is executed by interviewing tax officers, brokers, and academic scholar. While as the benchmarking is being executed by comparing with tax rule in the United State of America to propose the right tax treatment to be implemented in Indonesia.Forex trading is traded in the Over the Counter Market where there are no centralized exchanges. The nature of forex trading is to speculate in buying or selling foreign currency contract in the spot market. According to the Indonesian income tax regulation article 4(1) leter l stated that gain on foreign exchange are treated as an taxable object whilst loss on foreign exchange principally could be recognized as deductible expense. Since the absence of specific regulation relating to the tax treatment on forex trading therefore the general rule may apply, the general rule stated forex trading falls under business income category and that all increase in economic capability originating from Indonesia as well as from offshore shall be accumulated and taxed according to article 17 tax rate.Differ from the Indonesia tax law, the US tax law on profit from the fluctuation in foreign exchange rates are treated differently from foreign exchange trading. The fluctuation in foreign exchange rate as as part of their normal course of business fall under IRC Section 988. Gains and losses from foreign exchange (such as buying and selling of foreign goods) are treated as interest income or expense and get taxed accordingly. Since forex traders are also exposed to daily exchange rate fluctuations, their trading activity falls under the provisions of Section 988. These daily fluctuations can be considered part of a currency trader's assets in the normal course of his business; the IRS gives the trader the option of rejecting (opting out) of Section 988 and electing that the gains be taxed under the favorable 60/40 split of IRC Section 1256. Under IRC Section 1256, forex traders can have a significant advantage over stock traders. Forex traders are allowed to split their capital gains using a 60% / 40% split. This means that 60% of the capital gains are taxed at the lower, long-term capital gains rate (currently 15%) and the remaining 40% at the ordinary or short-term capital gains rate, which depends on the tax bracket the trader falls under (as high as 35%). This results in an average rate of 23%, which is 12% less than the regular (short-term) rate.From the comparative study between the US tax laws on foreign exchange trading, this research propose an alternative tax policy on forex trading in Indonesia. One of the alternative is only net gain are calculated and tax. The second alternative to be implemented in the form of withholding final tax payment from every realize transaction."

"Penelitian ini membahas hubungan antara agresivitas pajak dan agresivitas pelaporan keuangan serta pengaruh kepemilikan keluarga dan tata kelola perusahaan terhadap agresivitas pajak dan agresivitas pelaporan keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan perusahaan manufaktur dan non manufaktur yang terdaftar dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2008-2012 sebanyak 101 perusahaan sehingga terdapat 505 total observasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif antara agresivitas pajak dan agresivitas pelaporan keuangan. Kepemilikan keluarga terbukti berpengaruh positif terhadap agresivitas pajak namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap agresivitas pelaporan keuangan. Sementara tata kelola perusahaan tidak berpengaruh baik terhadap agresivitas pelaporan keuangan maupun agresivitas pajak.

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This research discusses the relationship of tax aggressiveness and financial reporting aggresiveness and the effect of family ownership and corporate governance towards tax aggressiveness and financial reporting aggressiveness. This research is using 101 firms (manufacture and non-maufacture) that are listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2008-2012 period as sample and resulting 505 observations in total.

This research shows a positive relationship between tax aggressiveness and financial reporting aggressiveness. Family ownership is proven to have a direct positive effect towards tax aggressiveness but no significant relationship towards financial reporting aggressiveness. Meanwhile, corporate governance has no relationship neither with financial reporting aggressiveness nor with tax aggressiveness."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis basis akuntansi yang tepat untuk mengakui dan mengukur pendapatan pajak penghasilan terkait penerapan akuntansi berbasis akrual di Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) serta tantangan-tantangan yang dihadapi DJP dalam menerapkan pelaporan keuangan berbasis akrual. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa basis akuntansi yang paling tepat untuk mengakui dan mengukur pendapatan pajak penghasilan adalah akuntansi berbasis akrual modifikasi. Tantangan-tantangan yang dihadapi DJP dalam pelaporan keuangan berbasis akrual adalah sistem informasi yang terpecah-pecah dan tidak terintegrasi, sumber daya manusia yang kurang memadai, komitmen pimpinan yang belum sepenuhnya maksimal, serta risiko penurunan kualitas opini laporan keuangan yang diaudit BPK.

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ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the proper accounting basis to recognize and measure the income tax revenues related to implementation of accrual accounting in the Directorate General of Taxation (DGT) and the challenges faced by the DGT in applying accrual based financial reporting. This research is qualitative descriptive design. The results show that the most appropriate basis of accounting to recognize and measure the income tax revenue is modified accrual basis of accounting. The challenges faced by the DGT in the accrual based financial reporting is information systems that are fragmented and not integrated, human resources are inadequate, the leadership commitment that has not been fully maximized, and the risk of quality deterioration opinion audited financial statements by BPK."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi pelaksanaan Automatic Exchange of Information yang dilaksanakan oleh Lembaga Keuangan Perbankan khususnya pada PT Bank XYZ.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan yang dilakukan dengan wawancara dengan pihak-pihak terkait.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Bank XYZ sebagai Lembaga Keuangan Pelapor diwajibkan untuk menerapkan ketentuan standar pelaporan internasional yaitu Common Reporting Standard (CRS) yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasiakan data sesuai dengan tujuan pelaporannya. Beberapa kendala yang ditemukan yakni perlu adanya guidance lebih lanjut yang dikeluarkan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak sebagai pihak berwenang (competent authority) yang mengatur secara lebih rinci mengenai petunjuk pengisian laporan yang akan dilaporkan pada saat pelaporan data informasi keuangan, dan juga Direktorat Jenderal Pajak harus mengantisipasi kemungkinan terjadinya kendala terkait saat dilakukan pelaporan oleh Lembaga Keuangan Pelapor.

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This studi aims to analyze the implementation of Automatic Exchange of Information by Financial Institution especially at PT Bank XYZ. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection through library and field research conducted by interviews with related parties. The results of the study show that Bank XYZ as a Reporting Financial Institution is required to implement the provisions of international reporting standards, namely Common Reporting Standard (CRS), which is used to classify data in accordance with its reporting objectives. Some obstacles were found, namely the need for further guidance issued by the Directorate General of Taxes as a competent authority that regulates in more detail the instructions for filling in reports to be reported when reporting financial information data, and also the Directorate General of Taxes must anticipate the possibility related problems when reported by the reporting financial institution."

"Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh agresivitas pajak dan agresivitas pelaporan keuangan dengan menggunakan proksi diskresi perbedaan permanen (DPERM) oleh Frank et al (2009) dan abnormal book tax differences (ABTD) oleh Tang dan Fifth (2012). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur dan non manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode tahun 2010-2014.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan resiprokal antara agresivitas pajak dan agresivitas pelaporan keuangan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat trade off dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait manajemen laba dan pajak perusahaan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa proksi ABTD mampu mengukur agresivitas pajak perusahaan dan menunjukkan hasil yang konsisten dengan proksi DPERM.

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The main objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between tax aggressiveness and tax reporting aggressiveness using discretionary permanent differences (DPERM) and abnormal book tax differences (ABTD) as the proxies. The sample used in this study were manufacturing and non manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2010-2014.

The test results in this research indicate that there is a positive, significant and reciprocal correlation between aggressiveness of tax and financial reporting aggressiveness . This shows that there is no trade off in decisions related to earnings management and tax management. The results also show that ABTD able to measure tax aggressiveness and showed consistent results with proxy DPERM."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara accounting irregularities dengan agresivitas pajak. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan perhitungan M-score sebagai alat pengukur tindakan accounting irregularities dan effective tax rate ETR untuk menghitung agresivitas pajak. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 180 perusahaan publik yang terdaftar di BEI dan tidak bergerak dalam sektor finansial dalam kurun waktu 2012-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif signifikan antara accounting irregularities dengan agresivitas pajak. Hubungan ini membuktikan terdapat trade off antara agresivitas pajak dengan tindakan accounting irregularities.

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This study aims to see the relationship between accounting irregularities with tax aggressiveness. The study was conducted by using M Score as a measure of accounting irregularities and effective tax rate ETR to calculate tax aggressiveness. The study was conducted to 180 public companies listed on the IDX out of the financial sector in the period 2012 2015. The result of the research showed relationship between accounting irregularities and tax aggressiveness is significant negative correlation. That result proves there is a trade off between tax aggressiveness and accounting irregularities."

"Tujuan dari Persetujuan Pengenaan Pajak Berganda (P3B) adalah menghindari pengenaan pajak berganda dan mencegah penghindaran pajak. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah penghindaran pajak adalah dengan cara melakukan pertukaran informasi antara dua negara yang terlibat. Pertukaran informasi merupakan fasilitas yang terdapat dalam P3B. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) memandang bahwa pertukaran informasi menawarkan suatu kerangka legal untuk kerjasama antar negara tanpa harus melanggar hak negara lain maupun wajib pajak. Pertukaran informasi ini menjadi alat yang sangat efektif bagi administrasi suatu negara. Sejak 2006 OECD membuat suatu panduan manual yang dapat digunakan oleh setiap negara untuk melakukan pertukaran informasi. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang berada di lingkungan globalisasi ekonomi dunia perlu meningkatkan pemanfaatan fasilitas klausul pertukaran informasi dalam P3B dengan negara treaty partnernya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian karya akhir ini adalah deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dari studi kepustakaan serta wawancara. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah kualitatif.

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The goal of the tax treaty are to avoid double taxation and prevent tax avoidance and tax evasion. One way to prevent this by uses exchange of information between the two countries involved. Exchange of information is one of facility in tax treaty. The OECD considers that the exchange of information offers a legitimate framework for cooperation between countries without having to violate the rights of other countries as well as taxpayers. This information exchange becomes a very effective tool for administration taxation of a nation. Since 2006 The OECD make a manual guidelines that can be used by each competent authority to do exchange of information. Indonesia as one of the countries that are in the circle of economic globalization of the world needs to boost usage of facilities the exchange of information clause in the treaty country P3B with his partner. The research method used in the writing of this thesis is description with data collection techniques of literary study and study-related interviews. The research approach used in this thesis is qualitative."