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"Unlike his predecessors, Indonesian President Joko 'JokowiJ Widodo was unusually inward looking in his foreign policy approach in his first term (2014-2019). Jokowi often skipped important international diplomacy events, preferring to focus his energy on handling domestic affairs. It resulted in some observers lamented that his choice had degraded lndonesiaJs diplomatic standing internationally. Since the beginning of his second term in 2019, Jokowi has started to be more active in his foreign policy approach. He began to participate in international diplomatic events more than before) and even he has been more active in contributing to international affairs, including in contributing to promote peace. This article argues that foreign policy under the Jokowi presidency is the manifestation of continuity and change."

"ABSTRAKDiplomasi dikenal secara eksklusif dilaksanakan hanya oleh negara dan pejabat pemerintah pusatnya. Namun pada perkembangannya diplomasi juga mulai dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah/kota yang kemudian dikenal sebagai diplomasi kota. Diplomasi kota adalah sebuah bentuk mekanisme diplomasi dimana pemerintah kota berinteraksi dengan aktor hubungan internasional lain untuk merepresentasikan dirinya dan mencapai kepentingan daerahnya. Pada implementasinya, diplomasi kota memberikan banyak keuntungan karena secara khusus dilakukan oleh daerah yang tentunya mengetahui keunggulan dan kekurangan masing-masing. Namun, masih didapati ketimpangan pelaksanaan diplomasi kota di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Kenyataan ini kemudian memunculkan pertanyaan ldquo;bagaimana Pemerintah Indonesia dapat mengoptimalkan diplomasi kota sebagai salah satu upaya strategis kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia? rdquo;Dengan tujuan menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian akan melihat bagaimana implementasi, peluang dan tantangan diplomasi kota di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan tinjauan pustaka dan wawancara sebagai metode pengumpulan datanya. Dengan mendasar pada teori Multi-Level Governance penelitian ini mencoba membuktikan bawa untuk melaksanakan kegiatan diplomasi kota yang optimal perlu sinergi dan koordinasi antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah.Pada akhirnya, penelitian berhasil menyimpulkan bahwa tantangan-tantangan yang muncul dalam implementasi diplomasi kota di daerah membutuhkan penanganan yang berbeda. Peran Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia sebagai focal point dalam hubungan internasional Indonesia masih diperlukan untuk optimalisasi kegiatan diplomasi kota di Indonesia, sehingga harmonisasi arah kebijakan diplomasi Indonesia di segala lini pemerintahan dapat tercapai.

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ABSTRACTDiplomacy was known to be carried out exclusively by nations and its central officers. However, as it develops, diplomacy was also conducted by provincial municipal government and known as city diplomacy. City diplomacy is a diplomacy mechanism in which municipal government interact with other actors in international relation to represent their city and pursue their interest. In the actual implementation, city diplomacy brings many benefits because it is specifically used by the provincial municipal government which certainly knows the advantages and disadvantages of its own territory. However, imbalance still occur from the conduct of city diplomacy in various regions in Indonesia. This fact prompted a question about how the Indonesian government can optimize city diplomacy as one of its strategic Indonesian foreign policy With the aim of answering the question, this research look into the implementations, opportunities and challenges of the city diplomacy in Indonesia. The research methods of this paper were qualitative by using literature survey and in depth interview as the methods to gather data and information. By using the Multi Level Governance theory, this paper try to prove that synergy and coordination between the central and municipal government are crucial in order to optimize city diplomacy.Ultimately, the study had concluded that each of the challenges that arise in the implementation of city diplomacy requires different treatment. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia rsquo s role as the focal point of Indonesia rsquo s international relations are needed to optimized the city diplomacy in Indonesia, so that harmony in each administrative level can be achieved."

"Summary: "This comprehensive introduction to Chinese foreign relations examines the opportunities and limits China faces as it seeks growing international influence. Tracing the record of twists and turns in Chinese foreign relations since the end of the Cold War, Robert G. Sutter provides a nuanced analysis that shows that along with popular perceptions of its growing power, Beijing is hampered by both domestic and international constraints. Newly revised, this edition features more extensive treatment of China?s role in the international economy and greater discussion of its relations with the developing world. Overall, the text?s balanced and thorough assessment shows China?s leaders exerting more influence in world affairs but remaining far from dominant. Facing numerous contradictions and tradeoffs, they move cautiously as they deal with a complex global environment."--Publisher?s description.Contents: Strategy and continuity in contemporary Chinese foreign policy -- Chinese leadership priorities : implications for Chinese foreign relations -- Changing patterns in decision making and international outlook -- China?s role in the world economy and international governance -- Chinese national security policies -- Relations with the United States -- Relations with Taiwan -- Relations with Japan and Korea -- Relations with Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands -- Relations with Southern Asia and Central Asia -- Relations with Russia and Europe -- Relations with the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America -- Prospects"

"After the Second World War, Turkey and Egypt were among the most dynamic actors in the Middle East. Their 1950s foreign policies presented a puzzle, however: Turkey's Democrat Party pursued NATO membership and sponsored the pro-Western Baghdad Pact regionally, while Egypt's Free Officers promoted neutralism and pan-Arab alliances. This book asks why: what explains this divergence in a shared historical space? Rethinking foreign policy as an important site for the realisation of nationalist commitments, Abou-El-Fadl finds the answer in the contrasting nation making projects pursued by the two leaderships, each politicised differently through experiences of war, imperialism and underdevelopment. Drawing on untapped Turkish and Arabic sources, and critically engaging with theories of postcolonial nationalism, she emphasises local actors' agency in striving to secure national belonging, sovereignty and progress in the international field. Her analysis sheds light on the contemporary legacies of the decade which cemented Turkey's position in the Western Bloc and Egypt's reputation as Arab leader."