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"In order to asseses the risks associated with worker's hearing loss, due toRisk assess exposure to noise pollution, at the Boroujerd textile factory a cross sectional study was conducted. 60 workers from the spinning and weaving workshops and official staff were randomly selected as case and control groups to the noise pollution in the spinning and weaving workshops there is a distinct increase in the number of cases of hearing loss at hight frequences."

"ABSTRAKGetaran lengan dan tangan serta kebisingan merupakan faktor fisika yangmemiliki potensi bahaya bagi kesehatan pekerja konstruksi dimana salah satunyadisebabkan oleh penggunaan portable power tools. Berdasarkan hal tersebutdilakukan analisis terhadap durasi maksimum penggunaan portable power toolsyang aman melalui standar dari keputusan menteri tenaga kerja no. KEP-51/MEN/1999 berikut langkah lain bagi pengendalian getaran dan kebisingan.Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu human vibration assessment berdasarkan ISO5349-2 (2001) dan pengukuran occupational noise. Hasil penelitian menyarankandurasi penggunaan alat yang optimal dan aman adalah ketika dihitung berdasarkannilai pajanan getaran dengan syarat pekerja wajib menggunakan alat pelindungdengar dengan spesifikasi tertentu.

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AbstractHand-arm vibration and noise are physical factors which have hazard potentiallyto the health of construction workers, which is one of them cause by the use ofportable power tools. Based on this, analysis was performed on the maximumsafely usage time of portable power tools through the standards of the laborminister's decision no. KEP-51/MEN/1999 along with other steps for controllingvibration and noise. The approach used is human vibration assessments based onISO 5349-2 (2001) and occupational noise measurement. The results suggest thatthe optimum and safe usage time is a value that calculated based on vibrationexposure on the condition of workers required to use hearing protective deviceswith a particular specification."

"Gangguan pendengaran karena bising merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja yang sering ditemui pada perusahaan manufaktur. Hazard yang bisa menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran meliputi bising, zat kimia dan getaran. Ruang lingkup penelitian tesis ini adalah melihat dampak pajanan bising terhadap fungsi pendengaran pekerja yang terpajan bising diatas 82 dBA. Jenis penelitian adalah cross sectional study yang meneliti hubungan faktor independen berupa dosisi pajanan dalam perhitungan leq, umur dan masa kerja serta faktor penggangu berupa pemakaian alat pelindung diri serta kebiasaan dengan fungsi pendengaran pekerja. Dari survei tingkat bising ditemukan departemen PVC, CDM, CDS dan CDB mempunyai tingkat kebisingan diatas nilai ambang batas yang diperbolehkan. Hasil pemeriksaan audiometri ditemukan dua orang responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran satu orang berumur diatas 40 tahun, bekerja pada ruangan PVC dimana merupakan tingkat pajanan bising tertinggi di pabrik ini dan sudah bekerja selama lebih dari 5 tahun. Responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran lainnya merupakan pekerja yang berumur dibawah 40 tahun dan sudah bekerja selama lebih dari 5 tahun. Dari hasil analisis statistik tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara Leq pajanan bising, faktor masa kerja, pemakaian alat pelindung diri dan kebiasaan merokok dengan gangguan pendengaran. Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara umur dan gangguan pendengaran dengan OD ratio 7.99.

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Noise induced hearing loss is one of the occupational diseases are often found in manufacturing companies. Hazard that can cause hearing loss include noise, chemicals and vibration. The scope of this thesis research on the impact of noise exposure on hearing function of workers exposed to noise above 82 dBA. This type of research is a cross-sectional study examining the relationship be an independent factor in the noise dose exposure (leq), age and working period and disturbance factors such as the use of personal protective equipment, smoking with hearing function. From the survey found noise levels PVC department, CDM, CDS and CDB have noise levels above the permitted threshold value.

Audiometric examination found two participant who suffered from hearing loss. Respondents who suffered from hearing loss a person aged over 40 years, working on PVC indoor noise exposure level which is the highest in the plant and it has been working for more than 5 years. Other participant who suffered from hearing loss is under the age of 40 years and has been working for more than 5 years. From the analysis found no statistically significant relationship between Leq noise exposure, working period, the use of personal protective equipment and smoking with hearing loss. Found a significant relationship between age and hearing loss with OD ratio 7.99."

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ABSTRACTHeavy metals can be emitted into environment by both natural and anthropogenic sources, mainly mining and industrial activity. Human exposure occurs through all environmental media. Infants are more susceptible to the adverse effects of exposure. Increasing attention is now being paid to the mental development of children exposed to heavy metals. The purpose of this book is to evaluate the existing knowledge on intellectual impairment in children exposed to heavy metals in their living environment and to identify the research needs in order to obtain a clearer picture of the situation in countries and regions at risk, in which the economy is closely related to metallurgy and heavy metals emission, and to recommend a strategy for human protection. In greater detail the main objectives could be formulated as follows: to review the principal sources of single, and complex mixtures of, heavy metal pollutants in the environment; to identify suitable methodology for chemical analyses in the environment and in humans; to evaluate the existing methods for measuring mental impairment, including their reliability and validity; to recommend a standard testing protocol to be used in future research; to assess the future role of environmental heavy metal pollution in countries and regions at risk and its effects on children's neurological development; to recommend a prevention strategy for protecting children's health and development. "

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Skripsi ini berisi tentang penilaian risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja pada proses produksi textile chemical di PT. Huntsman Indonesia Divisi Textile Effect Tahun 2019. Pada penelitian ini, identifikasi bahaya dilakukan menggunakan Job Safety Analysis (JSA) dan analisis risiko menggunakan ukuran standar yang telah dimodifikasi dari AS/NZS 4360:2004 dan telah disesuaikan dengan kondisi di lapangan. Desain studi yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif dan eksploratif dengan pendekatan analisis kualitiatif. Penilaian risiko didapatkan dari perkalian dari probabilitas dan konsekuensi per aktivitas dengan mempertimbangkan pengendalian yang sudah dilakukan oleh perusahaan. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan 3 tahapan kerja yang terdiri dari 17 aktivitas kerja memiliki 30 potensi bahaya yang dapat menimbulkan 56 risiko yang terdiri dari 16 risiko rendah, 21 risiko sedang, 16 risiko tinggi, dan 3 risiko sangat tinggi.

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This thesis discusses about occupational health and safety risk assessment on textile chemical production process at PT. Huntsman Indonesia Textile Effect Division in 2019. In this study, hazard identification was conducted using Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and risk analysis using a modified standard from AS/NZS 4360:2004 that has been adjusted to conditions in the field. The study design used is descriptive and explorative with a qualitative analysis approach. Risk assessment is obtained from multiplication of probabilities and consequences per activity by considering the controls that have been carried out by the company. The result of this study get 3 working stages that contain 17 work activities that have 30 hazard potential that can cause 56 risks consisting of 16 low risks, 21 medium risks, 16 high risks, and 3 very high risks.

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"ABSTRAKRuang lingkup dan cara penelitian : Pemaparan panas di lingkungan kerja dapatmenimbulkan berbagai keluhan dan gangguan kesehatan. Salah satu keluhan yang ditemukan adalah kram otot, yang diduga erat hubungannya dengan penurunan kadar natrium serum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat data tersebut agar dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu upaya pencegahan sebelum terjadinya keluhan atau gangguan kesehatan. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuasi eksperimental dengan menggunakan " non randomized controlled group pre-test post-test design" . Untuk melihat tingginya tingkat pemaparan panas di lingkungan kerja digunakan nilai "heat stress index" ; sedangkan untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap tenaga kerja yang terpapar dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, pengamatan, pengukuran dan pemeriksaan kadar natrium dalam serum secara laboratoris (sebelum dan sesudah bekerja) serta kadar natrium dalam keringat.Hasil dan kesimpulan : Tingkat pemaparan panas di lingkungan kerja PT BDJ telah melampaui batas yang diperkenankan. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap 98 subyek yang terpapar panas dan 44 subyek yang tidak terpapar menemukan adanya kecenderungan untuk menurunnya kadar natrium serum serta timbulnya keluhan kram otot pada subyek yang terpapar panas dengan uji statistik yang bermakna. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar natrium serum adalah jenis sarapan pagi yang di konsumsi, luas permukaan tubuh serta besarnya kehilangan natrium melalui keringat.;Serum Sodium Level Of Workers Exposed To Heat At A Steel Melting Plant PT. BDJScope and method: Heat exposure has led to many symptoms and health problems. Muscle cramps as one of these symptoms is reportedly strongly Associated with reduced sodium levels in serum.

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ABSTRACT

Scope and method: Heat exposure has led to many symptoms and health problems. Muscle cramps as one of these symptoms is reportedly strongly Associated with reduced sodium levels in serum.

The purpose of this quasi experimental study, using a randomized controlled group pre-test post-test design, is to asses the nature of serum sodium level of workers exposed to a hot climate in the working environment. It is hoped that results-of this study will be helpful in the strategic planning of early preventive measures.

Heat exposure level in the working environment was measured by using the "heat stress index?. Questioners, physical examinations and quantitative measurements of sodium levels in serum and in sweat; have been used to evaluate health status. Measurement of serum sodium levels was performed before and after work.

Result and conclusions: Heat exposure level in the working environment exceeded the threshold limit value. Data from 98 workers of the exposed group compared to data from 44 workers of control group, revealed a definitive trend of reduced serum sodium levels of workers from the exposed group. Muscle cramps was significantly associated with reduced sodium levels in serum. Factors associated with reduced serum sodium levels are type of food consumed for breakfast, body measurements and sodium loss through sweat."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran hubungan antara intensitas bising dengan gangguan pendengaran terhadap pekerja.Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 349 responden di bagian Steel Melting dan Rolling Mills PT X pada bulan Maret - Juni 2014 menggunakan desain cross-sectional, data primer berupa hasil pengukuran intensitas bising dan audiogram, data sekunder berupa gambaran umum perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 52 responden (14,9%) mengalami gangguan pendengaran, responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran terbanyak yaitu sebesar 59,6% (31 responden) adalah responden yang bekerja di Area Steel Melting yang memiliki intensitas kebisingan >85 dB. Penelitian menunjukkan gangguan pendengaran tidak berhubungan dengan pajanan debu, riwayat penyakit Diabetes melitus dan riwayat penyakit Hipertensi (p-value>α(0,05). Untuk mencegah terjadinya gangguan pendengaran kepada pekerja lainnya, perlu dilakukan upaya pengendalian risiko dengan melakukan pengendalian teknis, pengendalian administratif dan perlindungan kepada pekerja yang bekerja di area tersebut.

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This study aims to provide an overview of the relationship between the intensity of noise with a hearing loss of workers. Study was conducted on 349 respondents at the Steel Melting and Rolling Mills PT X in March - June 2014 using cross-sectional design, the primary data in the form of noise intensity measurement results and results of audiometric measurement, secondary data from a general overview of the company. The results showed that 52 respondents (14.9%) had hearing loss, respondents who have a hearing loss that is equal to 59.6% (31 respondents) of respondents who work in Steel Melting areas that have noise intensity > 85 dB. Research showed hearing loss is not related to dust exposure, history of diabetes mellitus and a history of hypertension (p-value> α (0.05). To prevent hearing loss to other workers, risk control efforts should be made to perform technical control, control administrative and protection to employees who work in the area."

"ABSTRAKBahaya kebisingan di lingkungan kerja merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan kesehatan dan penyakit akibat kerja pada pekerja. PT. Bredero Shaw Indonesia pada seluruh area proses produksinya mempunyai intensitas bising lebih dari 85 dB yang diperkirakan akan memberikan dampak kesehatan akibat pajanan bising pada pekerja. Penelitian ini berjudul "Analisis Penurunan Fungsi Pendengaran Pada Pekerja Yang Terpajan Kebisingan Di PT. Bredero Shaw Indonesia Tahun 2012

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ABSTRACTNoise hazard in the occupational environment is one of the factors which could cause health problems and occupational disease among the workers. All production areas of PT. Bredero Shaw Indonesia have noise intensity more than 85 dBA which could give health impact as the result of noise exposure to the workers. This study examine the Analysis of Hearing Loss Among Workers Exposed To Noise At PT. Bredero Shaw Indonesia in the year 2012"

"Pekelja di kilang minyak tcrutama di lokasi bising mempunyai risiko tinggi menderita gangguan pcndcngaran sebagai penyakit akibat kelja. Pajanan kombinasi (bising, penyakit DM, hipcrtensi, DM dan hipertensi) dapat terjadi secara bersamaan pada seorang pekerja. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungau dan kontribusi pajanan kombinasi terhadap teljadinya gangguan pendengaran. Dengan metode historikal kohor, data pekelja dari tahun 2002-2007, pcfnetapan kriteria gangguan pendengaran berdasarkan hasil audiogram pada frekuensi 4000 Hz > 25 dBA, status DM berdasarkan kriteria diagnostik PERKENI 2006 GDP 2126 mg/dL, status hipertensi herdasarkan JNC7 S 2140 mmHg dan D 290 mm!-Ig. Analisis statistik dengan univariat dan bivariat. Diperoleh hasil, insiden gangguan pendengaran berkisar antara 25.0% - 50.0% pada pekelja yang terpzgan bising, dengan distribusi responden menurut masing- masing pajanan kombinasi dan karakteristik responden (variabcl pcrancu: Lunur; rnasa kerja; merokok; dan pemakaian APT). Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari uji statistik, baik variabel independen maupun vadabel perancu mempunyai p value > on, perbedaan tidak bermal-ma. Sehingga gambaran dan kontribusi faktor risiko penyakit DM dan hipcrtcnsi bclum dapat diketahui dengan jelas. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa keterbatasan penelitian diantaranya sampel yang mcmenuhi kriteria inklusi (140 responden) tidak memenuhi besar sampel minimal (287 responden}, informasi data yang diperoleh dari perusahaan tidak lengkap. Oleh karenanya saran bagi pemsahaan agar lebih memperhatikan sistem pencatatan, pelaporan, dan penyimpanan data., pemeriksaan audiometri, kesehatan berkala, pengukuran dosis pajanan, secara rutin dan berkcsinarnbungan sesuai kebutuhan, terulama bagi pekerja yang terpajan bising > 85 dBA, penertiban sertifikasi operator, kalibrasi alat oleh institusi yang bezwenang.

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Workers of refinery in noisy area have high risk to get hearing loss as occupation disease. Combined exposure (noise, DM, hypertension) can happen simultaneously on a worker. The purpose of this study is to find the relation and contribution of combined exposure on hearing loss. The study was using historical cohort, worker’s data from 2002 to 2007, hearing loss criteria definition based on audiograrn result with frequency 4000 Hz >25 dBA; DM status based on PERKENPS diagnosis in 2006 GDP 2 126 mg/dL, hypertension status based on JNC7 S 2 |20 mml-lg and D 2 90 mml-Ig. Statistical analysis was using univariat and bivariat.

The result is hearing loss incident on workers exposed by noise around 25.0% - 50.0%, with respondent’s distribution based on each combined exposure and respondent's characteristic (confounding variable : age, working period, smokind and the using of APT) We conclude by statiscal test, both independent variable and cofounding variable with P value > ot that there is insignificant dillerencetherefore, the illustration and contribution of DM and hypertension risk factor cannot be found clearly. It was caused by some limitations in the study such as inclusive criteria sample (140 respondents) didn't iillfil the quota of sample (287 respondents), incompleted company's clatas.

Therefore, we suggest that the company should pay more attention to data entry, data report and data saving, audiometric check-up, periodic medical check-up, exposure dosage measurement, regularly and continually based on needs, especially for workers exposed by noise > 85 dBA, regulation of operator certification, calibrated equipment by authorized institution."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Bising dapat menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran. Selain intensitas bising, faktor lain yang perlu diperhatikan adalah jenis bising. Jenis bising yang berbeda akan menyebabkan efek pendengaran yang berbeda pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan gambaran audiogram antara pekerja yang terpajan bising kontinu dan bising intermiten, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.Metode: Penelitian Cross Sectional Comparative dilakukan pada pekerja bagian fabrication dan assembling di industri alat berat. Data yang diperoleh dari kuesioner dan rekam medis berupa umur, status pernikahan, masa kerja, kadar gula darah, tekanan darah, kebiasaan merokok, hobi, dan hasil pemeriksaan audiometri.Hasil: Dari 167 orang pekerja, terdapat 15 orang (9%) yang mengalami peningkatan gambaran audiogram. Dari 15 orang pekerja tersebut, 13 orang (86,7%) terpajan bising kontinu dan 2 orang (13,3%) terpajan bising intermiten. Pekerja dengan umur > 40 tahun mempunyai risiko peningkatan gambaran audiogram sebesar lebih dari 4 kali lipat (OR = 4,44, 95% CI = 1,21-16,4, p = 0,016). Mereka yang memiliki masa kerja > 3,9 tahun berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami gambaran audiogram yang meningkat. Dan mereka yang mendapat pajanan bising kontinu dibandingkan bising intermiten memiliki risiko sebesar hampir 5 kali lipat mengalami peningkatan gambaran audiogram (OR = 4,73, 95% CI = 1,03-21,7, p = 0,030).Kesimpulan: Umur yang tua, masa kerja yang lama, dan pajanan terhadap bising kontinu meningkatkan risiko terjadinya peningkatan gambaran audiogram pada pekerja.

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ABSTRACT

Background: Noise may cause hearing disorder. Not only its intensity, the types of noise are also contributing factors that need to be considered. Different types of noise may cause different auditory effects. This study aimed to compare the audiograms between workers who are exposed to continuous noise and intermittent noise, along with its contributing factors.

Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted on heavy equipment industry workers in fabrication and assembling department. Data that collected from questionnaires and medical records were age, marital status, work period, blood sugar level, blood pressure, smoking habbit, hobby, and the results of audiometric examination.

Results: Amongst 167 workers, there were 15 people (9%) who had an increase of audiogram image. Out of these 15 workers, 13 people (86,7%) exposed to continuous noise and 2 people (13,3%) exposed to intermittent noise. Workers at age above 40 had risk more than 4-fold of having an increase of audiogram image (OR = 4,44, 95% CI = 1,21-16,4, p = 0,016). Those who had work period more than 3,9 years were at high risk in having an increase of audiogram image. And those who were exposed to continuous noise compare to intermittent noise had risk nearly 5-fold of having an increase of audiogram image (OR = 4,73, 95% CI = 1,03-21,7, p = 0,030).

Conclusion: Old age, long working period, and exposure of continuous noise increase risk of an increased audiogram image on workers."