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"Background of this research is the interest to journalist's rampant attitude by tolerating "thank you envelope" where the often poorly-paid reporter is passed an envelope of money after an interview or media conference in exchange for for favorable coverage. Whilst Jumalist Ethical Code of Pers Council (Dewan Pers, Pasal 6) is strickly prohibit journalist for receaving money from sources. This attitude could cause a very serious problem to our democracy. Inspite of playing their role as the fourth pilar of democracy, journalist-with this attitude shift to be the fourth parasites to democracy together with corruption, colution and nepotism.Mass media companies contribute to this situation by tolerating their journalist to receive money from their source. Only view mass media companies punish their journalist who is found to receive money from their source.This case study is using qualitative approach in data gathering and analyzing methode. Data is collected mainly by conducting structural, non-structural and indepth interviews to subjects of research, who are categorized as follow: 1. journalist of 4 (four) different mass media; 2.. officer in one of state insitution"X", and; 3. staff from different sections on the institution. Subject of interview are limited to journalist, the member and staffs in state institution "X° during March to May 2006. supporting data is gathered through observation to the relation between subjects around the house during first semester of the year 2006.Result of the study, at first, gives a background picture of the rampant attitude among journalist. The picture is about a complexity of journalist life, like the low payment they received from their mass media company, the mass media bussines competion which in turn put mass media companies to fight against each other to gain income from advertisement and lose application of journalist ethical code. These three factors have put journalist in situations to "innovate" their strategy in survival or increasing their wealth.From this study, also found a patern of systemic interactions, which involves journalist and promoter for state institution "X". in most case, they give service in popularity promotion for individual the member of state institution "X", news brokers or providePublic service relation" for the sections of state institution °X", information seller to the member of state institution °X" and even black mailing. This situation should be a signal for mass media companies to increase salary for their journalists. Discourse for increasing salary fot journalist to Rp. 3 millions at least which is introduced by AJI (aliansi Jurnalis Independen), should be appreciated by mass media companies. At the same time, ethic code should also be conducted strictly.A progressive action could be taken by Pers Council (Dewan Pers) - if willing to do so - is to name to public mass media and journalist who tolerate money from source. If mass media had contribute to democracy in this country by publishing black/dirty politiciants, it should also be possible and fair to compaign against mass media companies by publishing names of mass media companies who tolerate money from sources."

"Kebebasan pers di Indonesia dijamin dalam Pasal 28 F Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Jaminan kebebasan pers tersebut memberikan kebebasan bagi pers dalam menjalankan profesinya, yaitu untuk mencari, memperoleh, dan menyebarluaskan informasi kepada masyarakat. Namun, tidak jarang para jurnalis melakukan pelanggaran berupa perbuatan melawan hukum dalam menjalankan profesinya. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai bagaimana pertanggungjawaban perusahaan pers terhadap jurnalis yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum dengan melakukan perbandingan terhadap Indonesia, Denmark, dan Malaysia. Selain itu, akan dibahas pula mengenai penyelesaian permasalahan perbuatan melawan hukum dalam dunia pers baik di Indonesia, Denmark, dan Malaysia.Pokok permasalahan tersebut dijawab dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa perusahaan pers Indonesia dan Denmark menerapkan doktrin vicarious liability dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dilakukan oleh jurnalis, sedangkan di Malaysia tidak menerapkan doktrin vicarious liability. Hal ini dikarenakan kegiatan pers di Malaysia diawasi dengan ketat oleh pemerintah, maka para jurnalis yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum atau setidaknya yang tidak sesuai dengan kebijakan pemerintah Malaysia akan mendapat sanksi langsung dari pemerintah. Penyelesaian permasalahan pers di Indonesia dan Denmark dapat diselesaikan melalui Dewan Pers, namun di Malaysia penyelesaiannya dilakukan oleh pemerintah.

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Freedom of the press in Indonesia is guaranteed in Article 28 F Indonesia's Constitution 1945. Guarantee of freedom of the press also provide freedom for the journalist to do their job such as to seek, obtain, dan disseminate the information to the public. However, journalists often commit an offense of an unlawful act while doing their job. This thesis discusses the corporate responsibility of the press on an unlawful act by the journalist comparing by the cases between Indonesia, Denmark, and Malaysia. Furthermore, this thesis discusses the dispute resolution of an unlawful act of the press in Indonesia, Denmark, and Malaysia.The principal problem is answered by using normative judicial method which brings into conclusion that press company in Indonesia and Denmark apply the doctrine of vicarious liability in solving the problems done by journalists, while in Malaysia do not apply vicarious liability's doctrine. This is because the Malaysian press activites closely monitored by the government, the journalist who commited an unlawful act, or at least who is not in accordance with the Malaysian government's policies is sanctioned directly from the government. Solving problems of the press in Indonesia and Denmark can be resolved through the Press Council, but in Malaysia the government's settle the dispute."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai tindak pidana menghalangi hak pers untuk mencari, memperoleh, dan menyebarluaskan gagasan atau informasi sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 18 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers dalam kaitannya dengan kekerasan terhadap wartawan. Beberapa hal yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah ruang lingkup Pasal 18 ayat ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers dalam kaitannya dengan kekerasan terhadap wartawan, dan penerapan pasal tersebut dalam putusan hakim atas kasus kekerasan terhadap wartawan. Selanjutnya pembahasan dilengkapi dengan rekomendasi mengenai bagaimana seharusnya penyelesaian kasus kekerasan terhadap wartawan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dan dilengkapi dengan wawancara narasumber yang bersifat yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menghasilkan data deskriptif analitis. Dari penelitian ini, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dalam yang termasuk lingkup Pasal 18 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers adalah segala tindakan yang berakibat pada terhalangnya hak pers untuk mencari, memperoleh, dan menyebarluaskan gagasan atau informasi, termasuk di dalamnya kekerasan terhadap wartawan pada saat proses peliputan. Dalam penerapannya, belum ada kesamaan penafsiran dari aparat penegak hukum mengenai lingkup pasal ini sehingga variasi penggunaan peraturan antara KUHP dan UU Pers masih banyak terjadi. Untuk mengatasi kasus kekerasan terhadap wartawan perlu ditingkatkan kesadaran atas pentingnya kebebasan pers pada seluruh kalangan.

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This thesis discusses about the criminal act of violating journalists’ rights to seek for, gain, and spread ideas or information as ruled in Article 18 Sub. (1) Pres Act 1999 in its association with violence against journalists. Several points to be discussed in this study include the scope of in Article 18 Sub. (1) Pres Act 1999 in its association with violence against journalists, as well as its implementation on judges’ decisions on the cases of violence against journalists. The discussion is enriched with the recommendations for solving the cases of violence against journalists in Indonesia. The study uses literature review added by juridical-normative interviews with a qualitative approach that results in descriptive-analytical data.

This study concludes that those which are included in Article 18 Sub. (1) Pres Act 1999 are any acts that creates barriers for press rights to seek for, gain, and spread knowledge or information, inclusive of violence against journalists during the process of news-gathering. There is still no mutual commentary among law-enforcing institutions about the scope of this article; therefore, there are differences among criminal code (KUHP) and press act in terms of its usage. The awareness of the importance of freedom of press needs to be increased in order to solve the cases of violence against journalists."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang persekusi doxing yang terjadi pada jurnalis saat ini. Bukan hanya gaya hidup yang mengalami pergeseran di era digital seperti sekarang. Bentuk kekerasan terhadap jurnalis juga mengalami perubahan. Persekusi doxing, istilah yang masih cukup awam dalam kekerasan terhadap jurnalis, yang selama ini lebih banyak diketahui kekerasan hanya terjadi saat jurnalis bertugas di lapangan. Istilah persekusi sendiri selama ini erat dikaitkan dengan bentuk kekerasan yang terjadi secara fisik, merundung orang beramai-ramai. Sementara doxing, diketahui sebagai bentuk membuka identitas seseorang untuk kemudian beramai-ramai dihujat, atau tindakan penyelewengan lainnya. Kasus doxing terbaru terjadi pada jurnalis Liputan 6.com, Cakrayuri Nuralam. Peristiwa ini terjadi ketika ia menulis artikel tentang cek fakta untuk verifikasi adanya isu kalau politisi PDI Perjuangan Arteria Dahlan cucu dari pendiri PKI di Sumatra Barat (sumber: www.detik.com, 24/9/2020) Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan adanya pola baru viktimisasi terhadap jurnalis di Indonesia dalam hal ini adalah persekusi doxing. Dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam terhadap beberapa narasumber dari kalangan jurnalis ataupun organisasi jurnalis, penelitian berhasil menemukan kesamaan pola terjadinya persekusi doxing.

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This research discusses the doxing persecution that occurs in journalists today. It's not just lifestyles that are experiencing a shift in the digital era like now. The form of violence against journalists has also changed. Persecution that is carried out, a term that is still quite common in violence against journalists, which so far is less known that violence only occurs when journalists are in the field. The term persecution itself has always been the management of disasters with violence that occurs physically, harassing people in large groups. Meanwhile, doxing is known as a form of revealing one's identity and then getting blasphemed or other acts of abuse. The latest doxing case happened to Liputan 6.com journalist, Cakrayuri Nuralam. This incident occurred when he wrote an article about a fact check to bring up the problem if PDI-P politician Arteria Dahlan was the grandson of the PKI founder in West Sumatra (source: www.detik.com, 24/9/2020) This research was conducted to prove new patterns of victimization. Against Indonesian journalists in this case is doxing execution. By using the in-depth interview method with several sources from journalists and journalist organizations, the research was able to find patterns of persecution."

"Dua dekade sejak dimulainya era reformasi dan kebebasan pers, kasus kekerasan terhadap jurnalis masih terjadi. Banyak kajian terkait keselamatan jurnalis yang dikembangkan dengan melihat dari sisi hilir atau kuratif yaitu penanganan pasca terjadinya kekerasan di lapangan. Hal ini menunjukkan kurangnya kesadaran preventif terhadap keselamatan jurnalis baik dari pembuat kebijakan, perusahaan media, maupun jurnalis individu, salah satunya adalah pemberian pelatihan keselamatan bagi jurnalis yang masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman jurnalis tentang urgensi keselamatan dan keamanan jurnalis saat meliput area berisiko. Informan adalah jurnalis yang mengikuti pelatihan keselamatan yang dilakukan untuk mendukung kinerja di area berisiko dan untuk membangun budaya keselamatan dalam praktik jurnalisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif melalui teknik wawancara mendalam dan studi pustaka. Peneliti menemukan bahwa jurnalis yang mengikuti pelatihan keselamatan memiliki pemahaman tentang urgensi keselamatan dalam domain kognitif dan siap untuk ditempatkan di area berisiko. Kajian ini menyarankan kepada pihak-pihak terkait, khususnya institusi media, untuk merealisasikan penyelenggaraan pelatihan keselamatan yang lebih masif dan mudah diakses sebagai langkah efektif dalam menanamkan pemahaman tentang urgensi keselamatan dan sebagai solusi strategis isu keselamatan jurnalis.

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Two decades since the start of the reform era and press freedom, cases of violence against journalists are still happening. Many studies related to the safety of journalists have been developed by looking at the downstream or curative side, namely handling after the occurrence of violence in the field. This shows the lack of preventive awareness of journalist safety from policy makers, media companies, and individual journalists, one of which is the provision of safety training for journalists which is still limited. This study aims to describe journalists' understanding of the urgency of the safety and security of journalists when covering risk areas. Informants are journalists who attend safety training conducted to support performance in risk areas and to build a culture of safety in journalism practice. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative through in-depth interview techniques and literature study. Researchers found that journalists who attended safety training had an understanding of the urgency of safety in the cognitive domain and were prepared to be placed in risk areas. This study recommends the relevant parties, especially media institutions, to realize the implementation of a more massive and accessible safety training as an effective step in instilling an understanding of the urgency of safety and as a strategic solution to the issue of journalist safety."

"Tesis ini berusaha mengupas interpretasi jurnalis televisi atas kode etik jurnalis televisi Indonesia saat mereka melakukan endorse produk di Instagram, alasan mereka melakukannya dan apakah ada benturan antara kode etik jurnalis televisi dengan kegiatan komunikasi pemasaran digital itu. Dengan popularitas yang dimiliki, banyak jurnalis televisi yang menggunakan akun Instagram mereka menjadi medium pemasaran yaitu sebagai endorser. Dengan paradigma interpretif dan pendekatan kualitatif, penulis menggunakan pemikiran etika media yang menjadi patokan moral untuk jurnalis televisi sebagai seorang profesional. Konsep Self-regulation dalam self-regulatory bodies yang dibentuk tenaga profesional juga digunakan. Selain itu digunakan juga konsep transformasi jurnalisme kontemporer untuk menelaah adanya pergeseran peran jurnalis di era digital. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari wawancara dan observasi, hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa jurnalis televisi endorser produk di Instagram tidak menganggap kegiatan pemasaran digital tersebut melanggar kode etik profesi. Mereka menilai tidak ada aturan bagi jurnalis televisi dalam berperilaku di media sosial.

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This thesis tries to analyze television journalists' interpretation of Indonesian television journalists' code of ethics when they endorse products on Instagram, their reasons for doing so and whether there is a conflict between television journalists' code of ethics

and digital marketing communication activities. With their popularity, many television journalists use their Instagram accounts as a marketing medium, namely as endorsers. With an interpretive paradigm and a qualitative approach, the writer uses media ethical thinking which becomes the moral benchmark for television journalists as professionals. The concept of self-regulation in professional self-regulatory bodies is also used. In addition, the concept of transformation of contemporary journalism is also used to examine the shift in the role of journalists in the digital era. Based on data obtained from interviews and observations, the results of this study indicate that television journalists endorser products on Instagram do not think that digital marketing activities violate the professional code of ethics. They considered that there were no rules for television journalists in their behavior on social media."