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"Substrat makrofita memengaruhi kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman struktur komunitas epifiton. Mikroalga yang berpotensi bersifat perifitik menjadi komponen penyusun struktur komunitas epifiton. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, epifiton pada Utricularia berkeanekaragaman sedang dengan Cosmarium dan diatom sebagai penyusun utama komunitas epifiton, sementara epifiton pada Hydrilla dan Chara yaitu Closterium, Cosmarium, Euastrum, Micrasterias, Pleurotaenium, dan Staurastrum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan antara struktur komunitas epifiton pada Utricularia sp. dengan Hydrilla sp. dan mengetahui plankton yang berpotensi menjadi epifiton di Situ Alam FMIPA UI. Komponen yang dikaji yaitu kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman epifiton. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2018 hingga Mei 2018 menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan mengambil sampel epifiton pada Utricularia sp., Hydrilla sp., gelas objek, dan plankton pada sampel air. Pengambilan tiap sampel dilakukan 3 kali dengan pengulangan 1 kali dalam jarak waktu 2 minggu. Penelitian menunjukkan 67 genus dengan 1 genus planktonik yang hanya ditemukan di sampel gelas objek saja. Kelimpahan epifiton pada Utricularia sp. sebanyak 84.609 sel/ml, lebih tinggi dibanding epifiton pada Hydrilla sp. yaitu 74.392 sel/ml. Nilai keanekaragaman epifiton pada kedua tanaman tersebut dikategorikan keanekaragaman rendah H rsquo;< 2,302. Keanekaragaman komunitas epifiton pada Utricularia sp. berbeda dengan komunitas epifiton pada Hydrilla sp. P0,05.

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Macrophytes as substrate affect abundance and diversity in community structure of epiphyton with periphytic microalgae become part of it. Previous research showed medium diversity of epiphyton on Utricularia mostly consists of Cosmarium and diatom, also Closterium, Cosmarium, Euastrum, Micrasterias, Pleurotaenium, and Staurastrum was found on epiphyton of Hydrilla and Chara.

The purpose of this research is to know the differences between community structure of epiphyton on Utricularia sp. and Hydrilla sp., also to know planktons that become epiphyton at Situ Alam FMIPA UI. Abundance and diversity of epiphyton community are the main discussion in this research.

Research begins on March 2018 until May 2018. Using purposive sampling method, samples were taken from Utricularia sp., Hydrilla sp., object glass, and water. Each sample was taken thrice, one repetition, once every 2 weeks.

Research shows 67 genera, including 1 planktonic genus that was found only on object glass. The abundance of epiphyton on Utricularia sp. shows 84.609 cell ml, higher than 74.392 cell ml that was found on epihyton of Hydrilla sp. Both diversity indices are categorized as low diversity."

"Pakar ekonomi mengungkapkan bahwa perubahan iklim merupakan kegagalan pasar terbesar yang terjadi di Dunia, pelaku bisnis bermula dari tahun 1800an tidak mengikutsertakan dampak dari kegiatan business-as-usual pada lingkungan. Salah satu faktor yang mendorong terjadinya perubahan iklim adalah deforestasi hutan didorong oleh faktor ekonomi masyarakat yang masih melihat hutan sebagai sumber daya yang diambil secara langsung. Saat ini, banyak pihak yang sudah berusaha memberikan insentif kepada upaya pelestarian hutan yang disebut market-based initiatives (MBI), akan tetapi masih minimnya preferensi pelaku usaha pada MBI dikarenakan minimnya informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan paradigma pelaku bisnis konservasi baik itu pemerintah maupun swasta terhadap konsep konservasi berbasis pasar melalui perdagangan karbon. Peneliti menggunakan AHP dalam mengembangkan model preferensi untuk konservasi berbasis pasar karbon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga kriteria preferensi utama yang menjadi fokus dalam pengembangan model preferensi yaitu potensi pasar, tujuan bisnis, dan juga pengalaman bisnis sehingga pengembangan model preferensi harus menitikberatkan kepada ketiga kriteria tersebut

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Economic experts reveal that climate change is the biggest market failure that has occurred in the world, businesses dating back to the 1800s did not take into account the impact of business-as-usual activities on the environment. One of the factors driving climate change is deforestation driven by economic factors, people who still see forests as a resource that can be taken directly. Currently, many parties have tried to provide incentives for forest conservation efforts called market-based initiatives (MBI), but there is still a lack of preference for business actors in MBI due to a lack of information. This study aims to develop the paradigm of conservation business actors, both government and private, towards market-based conservation concepts through carbon trading. Researchers used AHP in developing a preference model for carbon market-based conservation. The results of the study show that there are three main preference criteria that are the focus of the development model preference, namely market potential, business objectives, and business experience so that the development model preference must focus on these three criteria."

"[ABSTRAKTindakan invasif yang didapat anak selama dirawat menimbulkan reaksi nyeri.Perawat perlu mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan reaksi nyeri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungandengan reaksi nyeri akibat tindakan invasif. Desain penelitian adalah penelitianobservasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilansampel dilakukan secara non probability sampling melalui consecutive samplingdengan jumlah responden sebanyak 90 orang. Analisa data multivariatmenggunakan uji statistik regresi multinomial. Hasil analisis menunjukkanterdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ketakutan dengan reaksi nyeri (p value= 0,018). Anak yang takut memiliki peluang 5 kali untuk terjadinya reaksi nyerikategori menghindar dibandingkan anak yang tidak takut. Perawat perlumelakukan intervensi keperawatan yang dapat mengurangi ketakutan pada anaksehingga reaksi nyeri kategori menghindar dapat diminimalkan.

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ABSTRACTInvasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction ?avoidance? from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance.;Invasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction ?avoidance? from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance., Invasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction “avoidance” from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance.]"

"ABSTRAKTaraxacum officinale Weber ex F. H. Wigg, herba berkhasiat obat dan bersifat apomiksis. Perbanyakan tunas kultur jaringan telah dilakukan untuk penyediaan bibit berkualitas. Namun, perubahan jumlah kromosom dapat terjadi pada tanaman hasil regenerasi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kromosom T. officinale hasil regenerasi in vitro. Analisis jumlah kromosom dari ujung akar dilakukan terhadap 24 tanaman hasil regenerasi akar, 27 tanaman hasil regenerasi helai daun, 21 tanaman hasil regenerasi tangkai daun dan 102 akar dari biji (kontrol) menggunakan metode orcein Squash. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kromosom dari biji maupun tanaman hasil regenerasi in vitro bervariasi. Kisaran jumlah kromosom tanaman regenerasi adalah 2n= 8--39 dengan sel diploid (2n = 2x = 16) adalah sel terbanyak, sedangkan kontrol adalah 2n = 10--38 dengan sel triploid (2n = 3x = 24) adalah sel terbanyak. Variasi jumlah kromosom tersebut disebabkan adanya sifat apomiksis yang diturunkan oleh tanaman induk.

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ABSTRACTTaraxacum officinale Weber ex F. H. Wigg, herbaceous medicinal plant and apomictic. Multiplication of shoots using tissue culture was used to obtain high quality seedlings of T. officinale. THoweverT, Tchanges inT Tchromosome numberT TcanT ToccurT Tin regenerated plantsT. The research aim was to determine the chromosomes number of regenerated plants from culture in vitro. Analysis of chromosome number from root tips samples on 24 plants regenerated from root, 27 plants regenerated from leaf blade, 21 plants regenerated from petiole and 102 root of grown seeds using orcein squash method were done. The results showed that seed (control) and regenerated plants have variation in chromosome number. The range of Chromosome number from regenerated plants were 2n=8--39, and cells with diploid number (2n = 2x = 16) as most observed. The range in controls were 2n=10--38, and cells with triploid number (2n = 3x = 24) as most observed. Variation numbers of chromosome caused by apomixis in parent plant passed to regenerated plants."

"Indonesia has the world's largest tropical peatlands of about 14.9 million hectares that have important life support roles. However, fire frequently occurs in peatlands. According to experts and field forest fire fighters, fire hotspots that appear in a sequence of two to three days at the same location has a high potential of becoming a forest fire. This study aimed to determine the sequential patterns of hotspot occurrences, classify satellite image data and identify the fire spots. Fire spot identification was done using hotspot sequence patterns that were overlaid with burned area classification results. Sequential pattern mining using the Prefix Span algorithm was applied to identify sequences of hotspot occurrence. Maximum Likelihood method was applied to classify Landsat 7 satellite images toward identifying burned areas in Pulang Pisau and Palangkaraya in Central Kalimantan and Pontianak in West Kalimantan. Sequence patterns were overlaid with image classification results. The study results show that in Pulang Pisau, 26.19% of sequence patterns are located in burned areas and 72.62% sequence patterns were found in the buffer of burned area within a radius of one kilometer. As for Palangkaraya, there were 62.50% sequence patterns located in burned areas and 87.50% sequence patterns in the buffer of burned area with the radius of one kilometer. In total, Â there were 72.62% and 87.50% fire hotspots recorded in Pisau and Palangkaraya, respectively which are strong indicators of peatland fires."

"Penelitian Tesis ini dilakukan pada reservoar batupasir MX dari Formasi Pematang Lapangan M Cekungan Sumatera Tengah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan metode geofisika yang tepat untuk karakterisasi reservoar batupasir yang keras (tight), membangun model properti reservoar, menghitung sumberdaya minyak yang terkandung dan menentukan usulan titik sumur pengembangan. Reservoar batupasir Formasi Pematang dikategorikan sebagai batupasir keras karena nilai porositas dan permeabilitas yang cukup rendah (permeabilitas 8 mD) sehingga Metode Inversi Acoustic Impedance (AI) kurang representatif untuk menyebarkan facies reservoar tersebut. Hal ini dikarenakan nilai AI reservoar masih tumpang-tindih dengan nilai AI litologi non-reservoar. Selain itu, secara geologi Formasi Pematang cukup kompleks dari sudut pandang stratigrafi dan struktur. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan analisa cross-plot data elastisitas batuan: data Lamda-Rho, Mu-Ro, Lamda-Mu, Gamma Ray dan Poisson Impedance (PI). Dari crossplot tersebut beberapa parameter elastik batuan dapat diterapkan untuk karakterisasi tight reservoir seperti Mu-Rho, PI dan Gamma Ray. Namun demikian penelitian ini fokus pada Metode PI sebagai metode penyebaran reservoar karena nilai PI 9500-9899 (ft/s*g/cc) berhasil digunakan sebagai pemisah (cut-off) reservoar pada hasil inversi data seismik 3D. Hasil Inversi PI dijadikan sebagai masukan dalam pembuatan model facies geologi dan trend control pembuatan model properti. Kemudian, dilakukan pemodelan properti reservoar misalnya model porositas, model NTG dan model saturasi air dengan Pendekatan Geostatistik dengan data masukan hasil analisa petrofisika sumur. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa reservoar MX diendapkan pada lingkungan fluvial delta plain debris bagian dari lingkungan danau purba dan sumberdaya minyak yang terkandung sebanyak 26.78 MMstb. Usulan lokasi sumur pengembangan sebaiknya diletakkan di sekitar lokasi sumur M#2 yaitu di bagian BaratLaut dan Tenggara dari lokasi sumur M#2 agar sumur pengembangan tersebut berhasil menemukan minyak.

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Thesis research was performed at MX sandstone of Pematang Formation in the M Field, Central Sumatera Basin. The objectives of the research are to find applicable geophysics method to characterize tight sandstone reservoir, build reservoir property models, calculate oil resources and determine development well locations. Pematang Formation sandstone reservoir is categorized as tight sandstone since its porosity and permeability (8 mD) value is low, hence Acoustic Impedance Inversion (AI) is not representative for sand distribution. It is caused by overlapping value of AI between tight sands and its shale lithology. Additionally, the Pematang Formation is quite complex in term of stratigraphy and structure. Therefore, it was conducted reservoir elastic properties: Lamda-Rho, Mu-Rho, Lamda-Mu, Gamma-ray and Poisson Impedance. Based on the cross-plot some those properties can be applied for the oil tight sand characterization like PI, Mu-Rho and Gamma-ray. Nevertheless, the research chose PI Method as a tool to distribute tight sand with PI cut-off 9500-9899 (ft/s*g/cc). This value was implemented into 3D seismic data for tight sand facies mapping. The result of PI was dedicated as an input for facies modeling and a trend control in creating property model. Then, reservoir properties were modeled using Geostatistic Method to create porosity, NTG and water saturation model with input from petrophysic analysis. Result of the study concludes that the MX reservoir was deposited as a fluvial delta plain debris of paleo-lacustrine and has oil resources, is about 26.78 MMstb. Development wells location proposal should consider this input and put wells nearby M#2 well location namely at NorthWest and SouthEast from M#2 well location in order to get successful drilling."