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"The article explores opportunities and challenges for Indonesia and ASEAN stemming from the rise of China based on the following approaches: (1) Indonesia neighbors china, therefore, China's growing economic and political clouts have significant influence to Indonesia; (2) Indonesia and China experienced difficult relation in their history, but successfully turned it into a strategic partnership; (3) The rise of China also has influence to ASEAN, which claims itself to be the driving force of the regional agenda and dynamics; (4) ASEAN is a vehicle for Indonesia's policies in the region, including in engaging China. Following the line of approaches above, this article first describes the rise of China. It will explore China's foreign policies in the region as well as the magnitude of its economic potentials. Afterwords, it it will describe the development of Indonesia-China bilateral relations and take a closer look at the Joint Declaration of Indonesia-China Strategic Partnership. This article also tries to see in particular to what extend Indonesia-China economic relations deliver benefits to Indonesians. Lastly, it will explore the dynamics of ASEAN-China relations, especially Indonesia's interests in ASEAN vis a vis China."

"Keanggotaan Indonesia dalam G-20 telah menempatkan Indonesia dalam posisi yang unik sekaligus strategis dalam percaturan ekonomi-politik internasional saat ini. Salah satui wakil negara-negara berkembang dan satu-satunya wakil dari kawasan Asia Tenggara dalam G-20, Indonesia memilki kesempatan untuk memperjuangkan berbagai kepentingan dari pihak-pihak yang direpresentasikannya tersebut. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab beberapa pertanyaan terkait keanggotaan Indonesia dalam G-20: Apa peran yang perlu Indonesia lakukan dalam proses perumusan kebijakan ekonomi-politik internasional G-20? Siapa yang Indonesia wakili dan nilai-nilai apa yang harus Indonesia perjuangkan? Bagaimana inverage (posisi tawar) Indonesia dan bagaimana Indonesia memposisikan dirinya di dalam G-20? Bagaimana Indonesia memanfaatkan posisi tawarnya sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi Indonesia dan pihak-pihak yang diwakilinya?"

"At present time, the augmentation of "regionalism" has become a striking feature of international economic relations. The motives toward regionalism itself are complex: a belief that economic integration through regionalism is conducive to growth, disillusionment with the framework for global integration, or simply a defensive reaction to the formation or reinforcement of other trading blocs. Regionalism does not merely embrace economic perspective since it also emphasizes on the cultural, social, and political aspects of human existence. This writing calls for an analysis of the paths which Indonesia chooses in pursuing its policies and objectives in the greatly dynamic regionalism and international economic framework. This writing restricts its scope on three domains of observation: ASEAN, APEC, and G20 and beyond."

"Dengan meningkatnya perselisihan yang terjadi di antara Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat, seperti konflik Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) Korea-Tiongkok pada 2016 dan penerapan nasionalisme ekonomi pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Trump membuat Korea Selatan sadar bahwa ketergantungan terhadap negara-negara adidaya harus segera dikurangi. Oleh karena itu, tidak lama setelah menjabat sebagai presiden, Presiden Moon Jae In akhirnya berinisiatif untuk membuat New Southern Policy (NSP), yaitu kebijakan luar negeri baru yang berfokus pada bumi bagian selatan (ASEAN dan India) untuk mengurangi ketergantungan ekonomi Korea Selatan terhadap negara adidaya. ASEAN, terutama Indonesia, berperan besar atas suksesnya NSP. Hal ini memberikan dampak positif bagi iklim kerja sama dan perekonomian bagi Indonesia maupun Korea Selatan. Berdasarkan latar belakang ini, kemudian dirumuskan pertanyaan penelitian berupa bagaimana respon Indonesia serta dampak yang dihasilkan dari kerja sama Korea-Indonesia melalui kebijakan NSP?. Dengan itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan respon Indonesia dan perubahan yang dihasilkan dari kerja sama ekonomi yang dilakukan melalui kebijakan NSP. Metode penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif juga digunakan untuk menjelaskan respon dan dampak kebijakan tersebut terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan NSP membuat hubungan bilateral, terutama dalam aspek ekonomi, kedua negara menjadi semakin erat melalui peningkatan tingkat kemitraan dari level Strategic Partnership menjadi Special Strategic Partnership.

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Amidst the increasing disputes between China and the United States, such as the Korea-China Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) conflict in 2016 and the implementation of economic protectionism during President Trump's administration, South Korea realised that their dependence on superpowers must be reduced immediately. Therefore, not long after taking office, President Moon Jae In had the initiative to create the New Southern Policy (NSP), the new foreign policy that focuses on the southern hemisphere (ASEAN and India) aimed to reduce South Korea's economic dependence on the superpowers. ASEAN, especially Indonesia, played a major role in the success of the NSP. This resulted in positive impacts on both bilateral cooperation and the economic aspect for Indonesia and South Korea. As follows, then formulates a research question of how is Indonesia's response and what are the impacts of Korea-Indonesia cooperation through the NSP? With that in mind, this study aims to explain Indonesia's response and the results from economic cooperation carried out through the NSP. Thus, the descriptive- qualitative research method is utilised to explain the response and impacts of this policy to Indonesia’s economy. The findings of this study show that the NSP improved bilateral relations, particularly in economic aspects, between the two nations by raising the level of collaboration from the Strategic Partnership level to the Special Strategic Partnership. "

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas upaya Indonesia sebagai aktor internasional dalam dinamika hubungan internasional. Peran Indonesia sebagai aktor internasional dijelaskan melalui optimalisasi perdagangan kakao Indonesia, baik di ranah domestik maupun internasional. Optimalisasi perdagangan kakao Indonesia dilihat berdasarkan konsep kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri melalui strategi kebijakan domestik dan praktik diplomasi ekonomi. Pemaparan terkait optimaliasasi tersebut menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif.Kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri sebuah negera secara umum dipengaruhi oleh refleksi domestik dan tingkah laku negara tersebut di tatanan internasional. Terkait perkakaoan Indonesia, optimalisasi yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah dalam memanfaatkan potensi dan peluang pasar kakao global diimplementasikan melalui kebijakan on farm dan off farm. Kebijakan on farm di sektor perkebunan kakao diupayakan melalui program Gerakan Nasional Kakao Indonesia (Gernas). Sedangkan di aspek off farm, Pemerintah Indonesia mengupayakan optimalisasi perdagangan kakao melalui kebijakan Bea Keluar dan stimulus industri hilir.Selain optimalisasi di ranah domestik, Pemerintah Indonesia juga memanfaatkan Organisasi Internasional sebagai wadah untuk mencapai kepentingan nasional melalui sektor perdagangan. Organisasi Internasional yang dianggap mampu memobilisasi kepentingan Indonesia di sektor perdagangan kakao adalah International Cocoa Organization (ICCO). Keanggotaan Indonesia di ICCO merupakan sebuah strategi diplomasi ekonomi di level multilateral. Motivasi Indonesia untuk bergabung menjadi anggota ICCO pada tahun 2012 merupakan sebuah upaya untuk memperluas akses pasar kakao di tatanan global.Potensi perdagangan kakao yang terlihat dari tingginya tingkat permintaan menjadi sebuah peluang bagi Indonesia. Memanfaatkan potensi dan peluang secara optimal mengharuskan Indonesia melakukan strategi kebijakan, baik di ranah domestik maupun internasional. Optimalisasi perdagangan kakao dan posisi Indonesia di pasar kakao global akan menjadi fokus penelitian tesis ini.

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ABSTRACT

The thesis discusses the efforts of Indonesia as an international actor in the dynamics of international relations. Indonesia's role as an international actor explained through optimization of Indonesian cocoa trade, both domestic and international aspects. Optimization of Indonesian cocoa trade visits based on the concept of foreign economic policy through a strategy of domestic policies and practices of economic diplomacy. The optimization of Indonesian cocoa trade explained by qualitative research methods.

Economic foreign policy of a country is generally influenced by domestic reflection and behavior of the country in the international order. Related cocoa in Indonesia, the optimization performed by the government in utilizing the potential and opportunities of the global cocoa market is implemented through on farm and off farm policies. On farm policy in cocoa plantations sector pursued through a program named Gerakan Nasional Kakao Indonesia (Gernas). While in the off-farm aspects, the Government of Indonesia optimizes the cocoa trade through export tariff policy to encourage domestic cocoa industrial.

In addition to the optimization in the domestic aspect, the Government of Indonesia also takes advantage of the International Organization as a forum for achieving national interests through trade sector. International organizations that are considered capable to mobilizing the Indonesian interest in the cocoa trade sector mentioned the International Cocoa Organization (ICCO). Indonesia's membership in the ICCO is a strategy of economic diplomacy at the multilateral level. Indonesia motivation to join the ICCO in 2012 was an attempt to expand the cocoa market access in the global order.

Cocoa trade potential as seen from the high level of demand becomes an opportunity for Indonesia. Utilizing of the potential and opportunities by optimal must be needed the policy strategy, both in the domestic and international aspects. Optimizing the cocoa trade and Indonesia's position in the global cocoa market will be the focus of this thesis."

"Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor Indonesia yang cukup penting sebagai penghasil devisa negara selain minyak dan gas. Penurunan jumlah ekspor kopi ke Mesir pasca inisiasi pembentukan PTA merupakan sebuah anomali dalam konteks aktivitas kerja sama internasional. Dalam kurun waktu 2010 ke 2011 terdapat penurunan jumlah ekspor kopi ke Mesir pasca inisiasi pembentukan PTA. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi Pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengimplementasikan diplomasi perdagangan melalui ekspor kopi, baik melalui variabel aktor negara maupun variabel peran negosiasi para stakeholders, dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari wawancara konfirmasi secara non-tertulis dengan pihak KADIN yang diarahkan ke pihak GAEKI dan studi pustaka yang dikumpulkan dari buku, artikel, laman berita dan laman resmi sejumlah lembaga yang relevan dengan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran aktor negara dan peran negosiasi para stakeholders saling berkaitan untuk implementasi diplomasi perdagangan oleh suatu negara.

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Coffee is one of Indonesia's export commodities which is quite important as a foreign exchange earner in addition to oil and gas. The decline in the number of coffee exports to Egypt after the initiation of the establishment of PTA is an anomaly in the context of international cooperation activities. In the period 2010 to 2011 there was a decline in the number of coffee exports to Egypt after the initiation of the establishment of the PTA. This study aims to analyze the strategy of the Government of Indonesia in implementing trade diplomacy through coffee exports, both through state actor variables and the negotiation role of stakeholders, using qualitative descriptive analysis methods. Data were obtained from non-written confirmation interviews with KADIN which were directed to GAEKI and literature studies collected from books, articles, news pages and official websites of a number of institutions relevant to the research. The results show that the role of state actors and the negotiating role of stakeholders are interrelated for the implementation of trade diplomacy by a country."