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"Crown - of - thorns starfish (COT) is a benthic species and constitute as bioindicator of coral reef ecosystem. COT is one of the coral prendators which potentially becomes a very big problem in the coral reef ecosystem management. It would be very useful in the management of marine resource if we understand more about this species. This paper explains the biology and ecology (anatomy, toxicity,reproduction,life aycle,food,food system,growth,habitat) of COT."

"Spatial distribution and some ecological aspect of hermit-crabs pagurus spp. In the intertidal shore of Pulau Dua Natural reserve, Banten bay.Pulau Dua natural reserve,as a bird sanctuary, is now threatened by water pullution and environmental degradation. To monitor is condition,an observation of the biotic intertidal comunity has been taken. One of the biotic intertidal comunities is hermit-crab (Pagurus spp). There are two species of crabs, namely Pagurus granosimanus and Pagurus hursutiusculus. Their weight are 202.80 mg and 724.90 mg. and their body lenghts are 13.00 mm and 20.71 mm respectively.The spatial distribution of the species is contagious and cluster (V=16.84)>Environmental factors such as air and water temperature,pH and water salinity,were measured"