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"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aplikasi teknologi FTIR untuk mendeteksi masa subur lutung jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) betina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bilangan gelombang yang merepresentasikan gugus fungsi dari hormon metabolit estrone conjugate (E1C) maupun pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) pada sampel urine lutung jawa dan dikaitkan dengan pengamatan perilaku dan pembengkakan, data yang didapat digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil FTIR bersifat universal atau spesifik.antar spesies. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel urine dari dua lutung jawa betina dan dianalisis menggunakan FTIR. Penelitian ini juga mengambil data penunjang yaitu, data perilaku dan data foto genital. Data perilaku yang didapat tidak menunjukkan adanya interaksi seksual antara kedua betina yang menunjukkan sedang estrus. Hasil foto genital yang didapat menunjukkan pembengkakan yang terjadi hanya sampai pada pembengkakan sebagian. Analisis sampel urine menunjukkan E1C teridentifikasi melalui gugus fungsi alkil, aromatik dan hidroksil pada bilangan gelombang 596 cm-1, 698 cm-1, dan 3599 cm-1. PdG teridentifikasi pada gugus fungsi alkil dan aldehid pada bilangan gelombang 1450 cm-1 dan 1699 cm-1.

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Research on technological application of FTIR to detect the fertility period of female javan lutung (Trachypithecus auratus) has been conducted. The aims of this research was to determine the wavenumbers that represented the functional groups of hormone metabolites estrone conjugate (E1C) and pregnanediol-3- glucuronide (PdG) on urine sampels of javan lutung and tied the data with behavioral and swelling observation, the attained data were used to determine whether FTIR results are universal or specific interspecies.

Research was carried out by taking urine samples from two females of javan lutung and measured by using FTIR. This study also use supporting data, which is behavioral data and genital photos. The behavioral data obtained indicate a lack of sexual interactions between the two females, which needed to show that they were estrus.

Resulting genital images obtained, showed that the only swelling that occurs was partial swelling. Analysis of urine samples showed that estrone conjugate (E1C) was identified on functional group of alkyl, aromatic, and hydroxyl at wave numbers 596 cm-1, 698 cm-1, and 3599 cm-1. Pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) was identified on functional group of alkyl and aldehyde at wave numbers 1450 cm-1 and 1699 cm-1."

"The book will discuss the published experimental techniques, data-processing algorithms, and approaches used in FT-IR spectroscopy to assist in the characterization and identification of microorganisms, to assess the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation by food processing technologies and antimicrobial compounds, to monitor the spore and membrane properties of foodborne pathogens in changing environments, to detect stress-injured microorganisms in food-related environments, to assess dynamic changes in bacterial populations, and to study bacterial tolerance responses."

"Eksperimen menggunakan Spektroskopi Emisi Inframerah dilaksanakan pada sampel logam untuk memperoleh model termal. Eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi korosi tahap awal pada logam. Dengan ini, memperoleh konklusi mengenai potensi perkembangannya dalam teknologi pendeteksi korosi. Dikarenakan batasan-batasan eksperimen yang dilaksanakan, model yang diperoleh hanya menunjukkan pola pola perubahan, melainkan angka. Eksperimen menggunakan spektroskopi emisi inframerah dilaksanakan untuk mengukur radiasi benda hitam dari sampel baja ringan, baja tahan karat, serta alumunium saat mereka mengalami korosi pada temperature tinggi. Eksperimen ini diikuti dengan membelah sampel dan melakukan analisis komponen menggunakan Mikroskop Elektron. Pada tahap ini telah dikonfirmasi bahwa korosi tahap awal terdeteksi. Dalam validasi dan verifikasi data agar dapat digunakan dalam model, eksperimen Light Flash Apparatus (LFA) serta analisa mikrosop elekreon dilaksanakan untuk memperoleh data lengkap mengenai komposisi dan properti sampel.

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Experiments were run utilising Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (IES) as a tool to produce a thermal model, aiming to identify early stages of metal corrosion under operating temperatures. In turn, determining the feasibility of this technology to for use in corrosion identification. Due to experimental limitations, model produced only determined patterns that exhibit the presence of corrosion instead of an exact numerical representation. An Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (IES) experiment was conducted to measure the blackbody radiation emitted by mild steel, stainless steel and aluminium metallic samples as they corrode at high temperatures. A post processing method was then undertaken to section and embed the corroded samples in a solid resin for elemental composition analysis under an Electron Scanning Microscope. Concluding the completion of an initial array of experimentation, the utilised experimental methods have resulted in the detection of early stage corrosion. Therefore, to validate and verify data that can be utilised for construction of a computational model by utilising further SEM and Light Flash Apparatus (LFA) experimentation to gather additional details on the elemental and thermal properties of the corroded samples to develop the theoretical model."

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Dalam industri minyak dan gas, korosi yang diakibatkan oleh karbon dioksida masih menjadi tantangan yang besar yang dapat menyebabkan kegagalan material. Penelitian ini menggunakan salah satu turunan dari senyawa piridin sebagai inhibitor yang dapat ditambahkan ke dalam sistem perpipaan untuk mengurangi laju korosi. Piridin ini diteliti dengan variasi konsentrasi, yaitu 25 ppm, 50 ppm, dan 75 ppm, serta variasi temepratur, yaitu 40° dan 90°C. Pengujian Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) dan Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) dilakukan untuk mengkarakterisasi inhibitor, dimana ditemukan bahwa inhibitor ini memiliki molekul dengan heteroatom nitrogen yang dapat memfasilitasi proses adsorpsi. Efisiensi inhibisi korosi juga diukur menggunakan metode polarisasi linear dan Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), dimana ditemukan bahwa laju korosi menurun dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi inhibitor dan meningkat dengan meningkatnya temperatur. Data dari pengujian elektrokimia juga digunakan untuk menentukan model adsorpsi isoterm dan tipe adsorpsi, dimana ditemukan bahwa model adsorpsi yang didapat adalah adsorpsi isoterm Langmuir dengan tipe adsorpsi campuran fisika dan kimia. Morfologi permukaan sampel juga diteliti menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sebelum diberikan inhibitor, produk korosi mendominasi permukaan dan jumlahnya menurun secara drastis setelah inhibitor diberikan, menandakan bahwa inhibitor ini telah sukses untuk menurunkan laju korosi baja karbon pada lingkungan CO₂.

 

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In oil and gas industry, corrosion caused by carbon dioxide is one of the greatest challenges that could lead to material failure. This research uses a derivative of pyridine as an inhibitor that can be added to the piping system to reduce the rate of corrosion. Pyridine was examined with variations in concentration, namely 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 75 ppm, as well as variations in temperature, namely 40° and 90°C. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) tests were performed to characterize the inhibitors, which found that these inhibitors have molecules with nitrogen heteroatoms that can facilitate the adsorption process. The efficiency of corrosion inhibition was also measured using the potentiodynamic polarization method and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), which found that the corrosion rate decreased with increasing inhibitor concentration up to an optimal concentration of 50 ppm and increased with increasing temperature. The data from electrochemical testing was also used to determine the adsorption model of the isotherm and the type of adsorption, and it was found that the adsorption in this system obeyed Langmuir isotherm adsorption and is governed by a mixture of physical and chemical type. The surface morphology of the samples was also investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDS) and the results showed that before injected with inhibitors, corrosion products dominated the surface and the amount decreased dramatically after the inhibitor was given, indicating that this inhibitor was successful to reduce the rate of carbon steel corrosion in the CO₂ environment.

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"The most comprehensive treatment of FFTs to date. Van Loan captures the interplay between mathematics and the design of effective numerical algorithms--a critical connection as more advanced machines become available. A stylized Matlab notation, which is familiar to those engaged in high-performance computing, is used. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) family of algorithms has revolutionized many areas of scientific computation. The FFT is one of the most widely used algorithms in science and engineering, with applications in almost every discipline. This volume is essential for professionals interested in linear algebra as well as those working with numerical methods. The FFT is also a great vehicle for teaching key aspects of scientific computing."