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"The book includes : structural, physical, and chemical properties of fluorous compounds, selective fluoroalkylation of organic compounds by tackling the negative fluorine effect, synthetic and biological applications of fluorous reagents as phase tags, chemical applications of fluorous reagents and scavengers, and more. "

"This article provides a comprehensive review of the contamination by Butylin compounds (BTa) and its possible implications on the marine and coastal environments of the Philippines...."

"The extraordinary potential of fluorine-containing molecules in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology has been recognized by researchers outside of the traditional fluorine chemistry field, and thus a new wave of fluorine chemistry is rapidly expanding its biomedical frontiers. With several of the best selling drugs in the world crucially containing fluorine atoms, the incorporation of fluorine to drug leads has become an essential practice in biomedical research, especially for drug design and discovery as well as development. Focusing on the unique and significant roles that fluorine plays in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology, this book reviews recent advances and future prospects in this rapidly developing field. Topics covered include: * Discovery and development of fluorine containing drugs and drug candidates.* New and efficient synthetic methods for medicinal chemistry and the optimisation of fluorine-containing drug candidates.* Structural and chemical biology of fluorinated amino acids and peptides.* Fluorine labels as probes in metabolic study, protein engineering and clinical diagnosis.* Applications of 19F NMR spectroscopy in biomedical research. An appendix presents an invaluable index of all fluorine-containing drugs that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, including information on structure and pharmaceutical action. Fluorine in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology will serve as an excellent reference source for graduate students as well as academic and industrial researchers who want to take advantage of fluorine in biomedical research."

"Provides a thorough overview of the role of fluorine in pharmaceutical science and development Includes chapters on fluorinated analogues of natural products, fluorinated amino acids and peptides, and derivatives of sugars classifies marketed and in-development fluorinated pharmaceuticals according to their therapeutic classes."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sintesis senyawa koordinasi inti ganda krom(III)-polipiridil dengan ligan gugus jembatan 4,4'-bipiridin dan pyrazin (L'). Ligan polipiridil yang digunakan adalah 1,10-phenantrolin dan 2,2'-bipiridin (L). Sintesis dilakukan berdasarkan penentuan stoikiometri antara krom(III)-ligan polipiridil-ligan gugus jembatan secara spektrofotometri. Berdasarkan penentuan stoikiometri, diperoleh perbandingan mol krom(III):L=1:3, yang berarti bahwa rumus molekul senyawa koordinasi krom(III)-L adalah [CrL3]3+. Senyawa koordinasi ini berstruktur rang oktahedral yang mengandung enam ikatan koordinasi antara atom-atom N pada ligan L dengan ion krom(III). Senyawa koordinasi [CrL2L'2]3+ disintesis melalui subtitusi 4,4'-bipiridin dan pyrazin pada [CrL3]3+. Formula tersebut mempunyai perbandingan mol krom(III):L:L'=1:2;2 yang diperoleh melalui penentuan stoikiometri. Berdasarkan perbandingan stoikiometri ini selanjutnya disintesis senyawa koordinasi [Cr(phen)2(bpy')2]3+ , [Cr(phen)2(pyz)2] 3+, [Cr(bpy)2(bpy')2]3+ , [Cr(bpy)2(pyz)2] 3+ Senyawa koordinasi [CrL2L'2]3+ terbentuk melalui tahapan pembentukan senyawa [CrL2(H2O)L'] 3+ dengan perbandingan mol krom(III):L:L'=1:2:1 yang cukup stabil. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa ligan gugus jembatan terikat pada ion krom(III) melalui satu sisi koordinasi, sedangkan sisi koordinasi yang lain masih bebas. Sisi koordinasi yang masih bebas ini mampu mengikat ion krom(III) lainnya sehingga terbentuklah senyawa koordinasi inti ganda. Senyawa koordinasi inti ganda krom(III) - ligan polipiridil - ligan gugus jembatan disintesis berdasarkan perbandingan mol krom (III):L:L'=2:4:1 ([L2(H2O)CrL'Cr(H2O)L2]6+). Senyawa koordinasi yang disintesis adalah [(phen)2 (H2O) Cr(bpy')Cr(H2O)(phen)2]6+, [(phen)2(H2O)Cr(pyz)Cr(H2O)(phen)2]6+, [(bpy)2(H2O)Cr(bpy')Cr(H2O)(bpy) 2]6+, dan [(bpy)2(H2O)Cr(pyz)Cr(H2O)(bpy) 2]6+. Karakterisasi senyawa koordinasi hasil sintesis ([CrL3]3+, [CrL2L'2]3+ dan [L2(H2O)CrL'2Cr(H2O)L2]6+ di daerah ultraungu dekat-tampak menunjukkan adanya transisi elektronik dari 4A2g à 4T2g1 4A2g à a4T1g dan 4A29 à b4T19. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya transisi d-d. Dari spektrum IR yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan adanya substitusi ligan gugus jembatan pada senyawa koordinasi [CrL3]3+ mengakibatkan pergeseran puncak serapan. Adanya puncak baru di daerah 400-450 cm-' mengindikasikan adanya vibrasi M-N yang berarti senyawa koordinasi telah terbentuk. Pola difraksi sinar-X pada senyawa koordinasi hasil sintesis menunjukkan sudut 20 dan intensitas maksimum yang berbeda satu sama lain. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bidang-bidang hal dalam kristal senyawa-senyawa koordinasi tersebut.

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Synthesis and characterization of polynuclear coordination compounds of chrom(III)-polypiridyls with bridging ligands of 4,4'-bipiridine and pyrazine;Synthesis and characterization of polynuclear coordination compounds of chrom(III)-polypiridyls with bridging ligands of 4,4'-bipiridine and pyrazine.

Polynuclear coordination compounds of chrom(lll)-polypiridyls with bridging ligands of 4,4'-bipyridine and pyrazine (l') have been synthesized using 1,10- phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine (L). The compounds were prepared based on the stoichiometry between chrom(lll)-polypiridyls-bridging ligands determined by spectra photometry.

The mole ratio of chrom(lll):polypiridyls ligands was 1:3 which means that the formula of the chrom(lll)-polypiridyls coordination compounds were [Crl3]3+. The,compounds have octahedral structure with six coordination bond which was fanned,through the,N atoms of the L ligands.

The coordination compounds [CrL2L'2]3+ were synthesized by substitution of bridging ligands 4,4'-bipyridine and pyrazin on [CrL3]3+. This formula was determined by the stoichiometry of chrom(III):L:L'=1 :2:2. Based on these results coordination compounds of [Cr(phen)z(bpy'h)3+. [Cr(phen)z(pyz)2]3+, [Cr(bpy)2(bpy'h]3+, [Cr(bpyh(pyz)2]3+ were synthesised. The coordination compounds [CrL2L'2]3+ were formed through the formation step of stable compound [Crl2{H20)L']3+ using mole ratio of chrom(III):L:L'=1:2:1. This results showed that the bridging ligands coordinated chrom(lll) ion only on one side, while the other side was able to coordinate with another chrom(lll) ion to form the polynuclear coordination compounds.

The polynuclear compounds chrom(lll}-polypiridyl ligands-bridging ligands were synthesised with mole ratio chrom(III}:L:L';::2:4:1 {[L2(H20)CrL'Cr(H20)LiJ'"". The compounds were [(phen)2(H20)Cr(pyz}Cr(H20}(phen)2]8+, [ (b py)2(H20)C r(pyz)Cr(H20)(bpy)2]&+. [(phen)2(H20)Cr(bpy')Cr(H20)(phen)iJ&+, [(bpy)2{H20)Cr{bpy')Cr(H20)(bpy)2]6+, Characterization of synthesized coordination compounds [Cr4]3+ , [CrL2L'2]3+, and [L2(H20)CrL'Cr(H20)L2]&+ using UV-VIS spectrum showed the electronic transition 4A2g -7 ~29 , 4A2g -7 a+r1g , 4A2g -7 b"T19 . This result indicates the d-d transition.

From the IR-Spectra, it can be concluded that the substitution of the bridging ligands on to [Cr4]J+ causes peak shift. The formation of a new peak at 400-450 cm·1 were related to M-N vibration which means the coordination compounds were fanned. X-ray diffraction studies of the synthesized coordination compounds show different 29 angles and the maximum intensities. This result indicates the difference in the hkl planes on the crystals."