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"Developments in molecular modeling from experimental and computational techniques have enabled a wide range of biological applications. This timely summary reflects the recent advances in bridging novel algorithms and high performance computing with characterization of important biological processes, such as folding dynamics of key proteins. It encompasses the perspectives of leading experts on this transformation in molecular biology, illustrating with state of the art examples how molecular modeling approaches are being applied to critical questions in modern quantitative biology"

"Molecular modeling and multiscaling issues for electronic material applications provides a snapshot on the progression of molecular modeling in the electronics industry and how molecular modeling is currently being used to understand material performance to solve relevant issues in this field. This book is intended to introduce the reader to the evolving role of molecular modeling, especially seen through the eyes of the IEEE community involved in material modeling for electronic applications. Part I presents the role that quantum mechanics can play in performance prediction, such as properties dependent upon electronic structure, but also shows examples how molecular models may be used in performance diagnostics, especially when chemistry is part of the performance issue. Part II gives examples of large-scale atomistic methods in material failure and shows several examples of transitioning between grain boundary simulations (on the atomistic level)and large-scale models including an example of the use of quasi-continuum methods that are being used to address multiscaling issues. Part III is a more specific look at molecular dynamics in the determination of the thermal conductivity of carbon-nanotubes. Part IV covers the many aspects of molecular modeling needed to understand the relationship between the molecular structure and mechanical performance of materials. Finally, part V discusses the transitional topic of multiscale modeling and recent developments to reach the submicronscale using mesoscale models, including examples of direct scaling and parameterization from the atomistic to the coarse-grained particle level."

"ABSTRAKAplikasi penggunaan tunnel-diode tidak hanya pada bidang gelombang mikro, tetapi juga berkembang dalam bidang lainnya seperti pada bidang multi state memory, Analog to Digital Converter. Untuk berbagai keperluan tersebut dibutuhkan tunnel-diode yang berbeda dalam spesifikasi dan materialnya.Dalam tesis ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penumbuhan lapisan tunnel-diode menggunakan bahan Indium Phospat. Penumbuhan lapisan ini merupakan dasar dari fabrikasi komponen mikroelektronika. Proses penumbuhan lapisan dilakukan dengan metode Epitaksi Fasa Cair yaitu metode penumbuhan lapisan kristalin dengan orientasi tertentu melalui fasa cair berupa larutan jenuh pada substrat kristal tunggal. Penumbuhan lapisan dilakukan menggunakan bahan Indium Phospat (InP) sebagai sumber dan Indium Seng (InZn) sebagai doping sehingga akan terbentuk lapisan kristal tunggal tipe-p diatas susbtrat InP tipe-n. Hasil penumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa penumbuhan lapisan tunnel-diode berhasil dilakukan.

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Tunnel-diode not only at microwave application but have been developed at other field such as multi state memory, Analog to Digital Converter. For this reason need tunnel-diode with different specification and material.

In this thesis, growing a crystal layer on InP substrate using Liquid Phase Epitaxial method was made. Liquid Phase Epitaxial is the growth of an oriented crystalline layer of material from a saturated or supersaturated liquid solution onto a single crystal substrate. The growth can be used source material InP and doping material InZn until single crystal layer can be formed p-type InP onto n-type InP. The thickness of the layer grown can be measured using thickness measurement. "